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Dr. Hamid Sadat

Associate Professor

University of North Texas

Department of Mechanical Engineering

(940) 565-2078

Email: Hamid.Sadat@unt.edu

Education

  • PhD, University of Iowa, 2009
    Major: Mechanical Engineering
    Dissertation: CFD Prediction of Ship Capsize: Parametric Rolling, Broaching, Surf-riding, And Periodic Motions
  • MS, Sharif University of Technology, 2004
    Major: Mechanical Engineering
  • BS, Sharif University of Technology, 2002
    Major: Mechanical Engineering

Professional Positions

    Professional

  • Associate Professor, University of North Texas. University of North Texas. (2023 - Present).
  • Assistant Professor, University of North Texas. University of North Texas. (2017 - 2023).
  • Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Iowa. University of Iowa. (2015 - 2017).
  • Assistant Research Scientist, University of Iowa. University of Iowa. (2011 - 2017).
  • Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Iowa. University of Iowa. (2009 - 2011).
  • Graduate Research Assistant, University of Iowa. University of Iowa. (2005 - 2009).
  • Research Engineer, Petropars Ltd.. Petropars Ltd.. (2004 - 2005).
  • Teacher, RAFE High School. RAFE High School. (1999 - 2004).
  • Researcher, Sharif University of Technology. Sharif University of Technology. (2001 - 2004).

Professional Memberships

  • AIAA. (2018 - Present).
  • APS. (2018 - Present).
  • ASME. (2018 - Present).
  • SNAME. (2018 - Present).

Development Activities

  • Conference Attendance, 6TH Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, ASTFE. United States of America. (May 2021 - 2021).
  • Conference Attendance, 33rd Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, ONR. United States of America. (October 2020 - 2020).
  • Conference Attendance, APS-DFD, APS. United States of America. (November 2020 - November 2020).
  • Other (Program Review), ONR Program Review- Subsurface, ONR. United States of America. (October 2020 - October 2020).
  • Other (Program Review), ONR Program Review-Propulsor, ONR. United States of America. (September 2020 - September 2020).
  • Conference Attendance, APS-DFD, APS. Seattle,Washington,United States of America. (November 2019 - November 2019).
  • Other (Program Review), ONR Program Review, ONR. St Diego,California,United States of America. (June 2019 - June 2019).
  • Conference Attendance, Sixth International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, INSEAN and ONR. Rome,Italy. (May 2019 - May 2019).
  • Other (ARL meeting), UT Austin/ ARL South-Unmanned Aerial System Charrette, ARL. Austin,TX,United States of America. (April 2019 - April 2019).
  • Conference Attendance, APS DFD 2018, APS. Atlanta,Gorgia,United States of America. (November 17, 2018 - November 20, 2018).
  • Other (ARL meeting), Unmanned Aerial System Charrette, ARL and UT Austin. Austin,Texas,United States of America. (October 24, 2018 - October 25, 2018).
  • Other (Program Review), ONR Program Review, ONR. San Diego,California,United States of America. (June 17, 2018 - June 22, 2018).
  • Conference Attendance, Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics, Indiana University. Indianapolis,Indiana,United States of America. (May 14, 2018 - May 18, 2018).
  • Conference Attendance, Offshore Technology Conference 2018, ASME. Huston,Texas,United States of America. (April 29, 2018 - May 3, 2018).
  • Workshop, Teaching Workshop, NATIONAL EFFECTIVE TEACHING INSTITUTE-ASEE. San Diego,California,United States of America. (January 2, 2018 - January 5, 2018).
  • Conference Attendance, IMECE 2017, ASME. Tampa,Florida,United States of America. (November 4, 2017 - November 9, 2017).

Teaching

Teaching Experience

    University of North Texas

  • MEEN 3120 - Fluid Mechanics, 12 courses.
  • MEEN 4800 - Topics in Mechanical & Energy Engineering, 3 courses.
  • MEEN 5220 - Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer, 2 courses.
  • MEEN 5340 - Advanced Fluid Mechanics, 7 courses.
  • MEEN 5800 - Selected Topics of Contemporary Interest in Mechanical Engineering, 5 courses.
  • MEEN 5890 - Directed Study in Mechanical & Energy Engineering, 9 courses.
  • MEEN 5900 - Special Problems, 4 courses.
  • MEEN 5950 - Masters Thesis, 6 courses.
  • MEEN 6940 - Individual Research, 11 courses.
  • MEEN 6950 - Doctoral Dissertation, 11 courses.

Directed Student Learning

  • Dissertation Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2024).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2024).
  • Dissertation Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2023).
  • Dissertation Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021).
  • Supervised Research, "Modeling and Simulations," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021).
  • Supervised Research, "Modeling and Simulations," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2024).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2022 - 2024).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2022 - 2023).
  • Dissertation Committee Co-Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021 - 2023).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2023).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021 - 2022).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2021 - 2022).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2022).
  • Supervised Research, "Development of Interpolation-Free Immersed Boundary for Fluid-Structure Interface Modeling," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2022).
  • Supervised Research, "EXtreme Events in Irregular Environmental Conditions," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2017 - 2022).
  • Other (Reserach for Texas Aacdemmy of Math and Science Student), Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (August 2021 - December 2021).
  • Supervised Research, "Modeling with OpenFoam," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (August 2021 - December 2021).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (January 2021 - December 2021).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2019 - 2021).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2019 - 2021).
  • Supervised Research, "Mass Transport in Vegetated Flows," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2019 - 2021).
  • Supervised Research, "Propeller-Wing Interaction in Unmanned Arial Systems," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2021).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Chair, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2017 - December 2021).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2019 - 2020).
  • Supervised Research, "Wave breaking and air entrapment," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2019 - 2020).
  • Master's Thesis Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2020).
  • Supervised Research, "Simulation of Flow in Left Ventricle," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2018 - 2020).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (September 2017 - 2020).
  • Directed Individual/Independent Study, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (January 2020 - May 2020).
  • Supervised Research, "Heart Pump Modeling," Engineering Technology. (2018 - 2019).
  • Dissertation Defense Committee Member, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2017 - 2019).
  • Directed Individual/Independent Study, Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (September 2018 - December 2018).
  • Supervised Research, "Propller-Ice Interaction," Mechanical and Energy Engineering. (2017 - 2018).

Awards and Honors

  • Faculty Success, University of North Texas. (2025).
  • Acknowledged as the author of one of the most cited articles published in Ocean Engineering since 2012, Elsevier. (May 1, 2017).
  • Career advancement, College of Engineering, University of Iowa. (August 1, 2014).
  • Career advancement award, College of Engineering, University of Iowa. (May 1, 2013).
  • Best B.Sc. Thesis, 4th Conference of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. (May 1, 2002).

Research

Published Intellectual Contributions

    Abstracts and Proceedings

  • Keys, D., Sadat, H. (2024). Designing Input Wave Signals to Achieve Desired Ship Responses Through Linear and Nonlinear Conditioning. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. American Physical Society.
  • Salimi, S., Sadat, H. (2024). Dynamics of Physiological Blood Flow in Non-Planar Curved Artery Models. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. American Physical Society.
  • Raza-Taimuri, M., Sadat, H. (2024). High-Fidelity Simulation of Non-Uniformly Calcified 2D Aortic Valve. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. American Physical Society.
  • Kakroo, K., Sadat, H. (2024). High-Fidelity Simulations of Single and Tandem Perforated Elastic Vortex Generators. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. American Physical Society.

    • Book Chapter

  • Sanada, Y., Simonsen, C., Otzen, J., Sadat Hosseini, H., Toda, Y., Stern, F. (2021). Chapter 4: "Expeimental Data for KCS Added Resistance and ONRT Free Course Keeping/Speeed Loss in Head and Oblique Waves. Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Springer.
  • Stern, F., Sadat Hosseini, H., Dogan, T., Diez, M., Kim, D., Park, S., Sanada, Y. (2021). Chapter 9: Assessment of CFD for KCS Added Resistance and for ONRT Course Keeping/Speed Loss in Regular Head and Oblique Waves. Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Springer.
  • Araki, M., Sadat Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Umeda, N., Stern, F. (2019). Chapter 6: Improved Maneuvering-Based Mathematical Model for Free-Running Ship Motions in Following Waves using High-Fidelity CFD Results and System-Identification Technique. Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability- Risk of Capsizing.. Other.
  • Stern, F., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Mousaviraad, M., Bhushan, S. (2014). Chapter 4: Evaluation of Seakeeping. Other. Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics: An Assessment of the Gothenburg 2010 Workshop. Springer.

    • Conference Proceeding

  • Keys, D., Phan, K., Sadat, H. (2023). Developing a Physics-Informed Mathematical Model to Design Input Waves for Desired Ship Responses. Other. Washington DC, Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • kakroo, k., Sadat, H. (2023). Fluid-Structure Interaction of Single and Dual Wall-Mounted Flexible Plates. Other. Washington DC, Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • Raza, M., Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2023). High-Fidelity Simulation of Collapsible Vessels Using a Novel Immersed Boundary Method. Washington DC, Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2023). Layered Immersed Boundary Method for General CFD Applications. Washington DC, Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • Raza, M., Heydari, M., Sadat, H. (2022). High Fidelity Simulation of HeartMate III Left Ventricle Assist Devices. Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • Kingora, K., Raza, M., Sadat, H. (2022). Molding Aortic Valve Hemodynamics Using a Novel Immersed Boundary Method. Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat Hosseini, H. (2021). NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT FROM MULTIPLE CYLINDERS. 5th-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference.
  • Phan, K., Sadat, H. (2020). CFD Study of Extreme Ship Responses in Seaways by Designed Wave Trail. APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts. X04--013.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2020). Hybrid immersed boundary method for general purpose CFD simulation. APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts. F12--013.
  • Kim, D., Sadat Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Stern, F. (2020). KCS CALM WATER URANS/DES STUDIES WITH DISCRETIZED PROPELLER AND RUDDER. SIMMAN 2020.
  • Sanada, Y., Kim, D., Sadat Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Hossain, M., Wu, P., Toda, Y., Otzen, J., Simonsen, C., Abdel-Maksoud, M., Scharf, M., Grigoropoulos, G. (2020). Assessment of Experimental and CFD Capability for KCS Added Power in Head and Oblique Waves. 33rd Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics.
  • Heydari, M., Sadat, H. (2019). A reduced order model for prediction of aerodynamic loads on an unmanned aerial system with hybrid quadcopter biplane configuration. APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts. G41--005.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2019). Advanced immersed boundary method for complex moving/morphing boundaries based on hybrid ghost-cell and virtual cut-cell. APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts. Q19--007.
  • Heydari, M., Sadat Hosseini, H., Nasrazadani, S. (2019). CFD-DEM-MBD Coupling to Study Ice Impacts on Propellers in Arctic Regions. Rome, Italy,
  • Heydari, M., Bagheri, A., Bostanci, H., Sadat, H., Nasrazadani, S. (2018). Numerical Investigation on Simultaneous Effects of Surface Roughness and Variable Properties on Laminar Flow in Annular Tubes. IMECE2018.
  • Kim, D., Toda, Y., Sanada, Y., Simonsen, C., Stern, F. (2018). Experiment and Numerical Simulation for KCS Added Powering in Regular Waves with Variable Heading. Hamburg, Germany,
  • Volpi, S., Diez, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D., Stern, F., Thodal, R., Grenestedt, J. (2016). Full scale fluid structure interaction simulation and experimental validation of high speed planing hull slamming with composite panels. Proceedings of the 31st Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Monterey, California. 11--16.
  • Stern, F., Diez, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H. (2016). Improved Statistical Approach for Certification of CFD Codes with Examples. Other. Verification and Validation Symposium. Las Vegas, Nevada.
  • Broglia, R., Zaghi, S., Campana, E.F., Visonneau, M., Queutey, P., Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Milanov, E. (2015). CFD Validation for DELFT 372 Catamaran in Static Drift Conditions Including Onset and Progression Analysis. 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. Venice, Italy.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Toxopeus, S., Visonneau, M., Guilmineau, E., Yen, T., Lin, W., Grigoropoulos, G., Stern, F. (2015). CFD, potential flow and system-based simulations of fully appended free running 5415m in calm water and waves. MARINE VI: proceedings of the VI International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering. 306--326.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Toxopeus, S., Kim, D.H., Castiglione, T., Sanada, Y., Stocker, M., Simonsen, C., Otzen, J.F., Toda, Y., Stern, F. (2015). Experiments and computations for KCS added resistance for variable heading. SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Toxopeus, S., Kim, D.H., Castiglione, T., Sanada, Y., Stocker, M., Simonsen, C., Otzen, J., Toda, Y., Stern, F. (2015). KCS Added Resistance for Variable Heading. Tokyo 2015: A Workshop on CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics. Tokyo, Japan.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Stern, F. (2015). ONRT Course Keeping and Turning Circle Maneuvering in Regular Waves. Tokyo 2015: A Workshop on CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics. Tokyo, Japan.
  • Volpi, S., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Diez, M., Kim, D., Stern, F., Thodal, R.S., Grenestedt, J.L. (2015). Validation of High Fidelity CFD/FE FSI for Full-Scale High-Speed Planing Hull with Composite Bottom Panels Slamming. VI International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering. Venice, Italy.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D.H., Toxopeus, S., Diez, M., Stern, F. (2015). CFD and Potential Flow Simulations of Fully Appended Free Running 5415M in Irregular Waves. 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. Providence, Rhode Island.
  • Wu, P.C., Okawa, H., Kim, H., Akamatsu, K., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Toda, Y. (2014). Added Resistance and Nominal Wake in Waves of KVLCC2 Model Ship in Ballast Condition. 30th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. Tasmania, Australia.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Wu, P.C., Stern, F. (2014). CFD simulations of KVLCC2 maneuvering with different propeller modeling. Verification and Validation of Ship Maneuvering Simulation Method Workshop (SIMMAN). Lyngby, Denmark.
  • Stern, F., Wang, Z., Yang, J., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Mousaviraad, M., Bhushan, S. et al. (2014). Recent progress in CFD for naval architecture and ocean engineering. 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics. Singapore.
  • Stern, F., Wang, Z., Yang, J., SADAT-HOSSEINI, H., MOUSAVIRAAD, S.B., DIEZ, M., YOON, S., WU, P., MO, S., YEON, T.D., others. (2014). Recent progress in CFD for naval architecture and ocean engineering (keynote speaker). Proc of the 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014).
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2014). System based and CFD simulations of 5415M maneuvering. Verification and Validation of Ship Maneuvering Simulation Method Workshop (SIMMAN). Lyngby, Denmark.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D.H., Taylor, G.L., Fu, T., Terrill, E., Stern, F. (2014). Vortical structures and instability analysis for Athena in turning maneuver with full-scale validation. 30th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. Tasmania, Australia.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Chen, X., Milanov, E., Stern, F. (2013). CFD and System Based Prediction of Delft Catamaran Maneuvering in Calm water and Regular Waves. 12th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. Amsterdam, Netherland.
  • Castiglione, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Bova, S. (2013). CFD Simulation for Course Keeping of Free Running Delft Catamaran in Regular Head and Oblique Waves. 12th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. Amsterdam, Netherland.
  • Castiglione, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Bova, S. (2013). CFD simulation for sea keeping of Delft catamaran in regular head and oblique waves. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation (FAST 2013). 30 31.
  • Araki, A., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Umeda, N., Stern, F. (2013). System Identification Using CFD Captive and Free Running Tests in Severe Stern Waves. 13th International Ship Stability Workshop. Brest, France.
  • Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2013). URANS and DES for Delft Catamaran for Static Drift Conditions in Deep Water. 12th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. Amsterdam, Netherland.
  • Hosseini, S. (2012). CFD and EFD study of damaged ship stability in calm water and regular waves. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, Athens, 2012. 425--452.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D.H., Rhee, S.H., Carrica, P., Stern, F., Rhee, K.P. (2012). CFD and EFD Study of Damaged Ship Stability in Regular Waves. STAB 2012. Athens, Greece.
  • Furukawa, T., Umeda, N., Matsuda, A., Terada, D., Hashimoto, H., Stern, F., Araki, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H. (2012). Effect of hull form above calm water plane on extreme ship motions in stern quartering waves. Proceedings 29th Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics. Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Araki, A., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Umeda, N., Stern, F. (2012). Study of System Based Mathematical Model Using System Identification Methods with Experimental, CFD and System Based Free Running Trials in Waves. STAB 2012. Athens, Greece.
  • Stern, F., Toxopeus, S., Visonneau, M., Guilmineau, E., Lin, W., Grigoropoulos, G. (2011). CFD, potential flow, and system-based simulations of course keeping in calm water and seakeeping in regular waves for 5415M. AVT-189 Specialists' Meeting, Portsdown West, UK.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Araki, M., Umeda, N., Sano, M., Yeo, D.J., Toda, Y., Stern, F. (2011). CFD, System-Based Method, and EFD Investigation of ONR Tumblehome Instability and Capsize with Evaluation of the Mathematical Model. 12th International Ship Stability Workshop. Washington DC.
  • Mousaviraad, S.M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Carrica, P., Stern, F. (2011). URANS Studies of Ship-ship Interactions in Calm Water and Waves for Replenishment and Overtaking Conditions. 2nd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water: Ship to Ship Interaction. Trondheim, Norway.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Wu, P.C., Toda, Y., Carrica, P., Stern, F. (2011). URANS Studies of Ship-Ship Interactions in Shallow Water. 2nd International Conference on Ship Maneuvering in Shallow and Confined Water: Ship to Ship Interaction. Trondheim, Norway.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Carrica, P., Kim, D.H., Yasuyuki, T., Stern, F. (2010). URANS Simulation and Validation of Added Resistance and Motions of the Modern Commercial Oil Carrier KVLCC2 with Fixed and Free Surge Conditions. Workshop on CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics. Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Carrica, P., Stern, F., Umeda, N., Hashimoto, H., Mastuda, A. (2009). Comparison CFD, System-Based Approach and EFD of Surf-Riding, Periodic Motion, and Broaching for ONR Tumblehome. 10th International Conference on stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (STAB). ST. Petersburg, Russia.
  • Hashimoto, H., Stern, F., Hosseini, S.H. (2008). 2008S-G2-6 An Application of CFD for Advanced Broaching Prediction (2nd Report). Conference Proceedings The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 6. 237--240.
  • Hashimoto, H., Stern, F., Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Sueyoshi, M. (2008). An Application of CFD to Recent Ship Stability Problems. 10th International Ship Stability Workshop.
  • Umeda, N., Hashimoto, H., Stern, F., Nakamura, S., Sadat-Hosseini, S.H., Mastuda, A., Carrica, P. (2008). Comparison Study on Numerical Prediction Techniques for Parametric Roll. 27th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics.
  • Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Park, I.R., Stern, F., Olivieri, A., Campana, E.F., Francescutto, A. (2007). A Complementary UARNS CFD and EFD for Validation Extreme Motions Predictions. 9th International Conference on Naval Ship Hydrodynamics. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  • Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Mousaviraad, S., Sadr, M. (2005). Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Wave Induced Separation. MARINE CFD. Southampton University, Southampton, UK.
  • Darbandi, M., Mousaviraad, S.M., Sadat Hosseini, S. (2005). Optimizing K-epsilon Turbulence Model by Nelder-Mead Method. 13th Annual Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics. St. Johns, NL, Canada.
  • Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Mousaviraad, S.M., Seif, M. (2004). Boundary Element Method for Wave Making Resistance of Displacement Catamaran on High-Performance Marine Vehicles. International Conference. Rome, Italy.
  • Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Mousaviraad, S.M., Seif, M. (2004). Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Flow Around a Surface Piercing Naca0024 Hydrofoil. 7th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium. Hamburg, Germany.
  • Paein Koulaei, R.T., Mousaviraad Rad, M., Sadat Hosseini, S. (2004). Parametric Study of Operability for a Tourist Submarine. 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vancouver, Canada.
  • Seif, M.S., Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Mousaviraad, S. (2003). Hydrodynamic Analysis of Hydrofoils Close to Free Surface. HYDRONAV 15th International Conference on Hydrodynamics in Ship Design, Safety and Operation. Gdansk, Poland.
  • Seif, M.S., Sadat Hosseini, S.H., Mousaviraad, S. (2003). Hydrofoil Performance Close to the Free Water Surface. 6th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium. Rome, Italy.
  • Seif, M.S., Mousaviraad, S.M., Sadat Hosseini, S. (2003). Numerical Modeling of Water Impact. NEVA- The Seventh International Conference - Russian Shipbuilding and Shipping. Petersburg, Russia.

    • Journal Article

  • Kakroo, K., Sadat, H. (2024). High-fidelity fluid–structure interaction simulations of perforated elastic vortex generators. Other. 36 (11) AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0234900
  • Ahmed, H., Nasrazadani, S., Sadat, H. (2023). Comparison of Thermal Effectiveness and Crevice Corrosion Risk of Fin Geometry on All-Aluminum Microchannel Heat Exchangers. Other. 105 (2) 192-203. Malaysia, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/article/view/2264
  • Ahmed, H., Sadat, H., Nasrazadani, S. (2023). High-Fidelity Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation of Micro-Channel Heat Exchanger. Other. 106 (1) 165-181. Malaysia, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/article/view/2364
  • Chavez-Tolentino, C., Li, X., Siller Carrillo, H.R., Sadat, H. (2023). Aerodynamic behavior and acoustic signature of propellers fabricated by additive manufacturing. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 129 3403-3412. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-12529-0
  • Phan, K.M., Sadat, H. (2023). CFD study of extreme ship responses using a designed wave trail. Ocean Engineering. 268 113178. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113178
  • Phan, K.M., Sadat, H. (2022). High-fidelity simulation of ship and linear shear current interaction. Ocean Engineering. 266 112629. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112629
  • Man, K., Liu, J., Phan, K.M., Wang, K., Lee, J.Y., Sun, X., Story, M., Saha, D., Liao, J., Sadat, H., others. (2022). Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior. Other. 14 (15) 17081--17092. American Chemical Society.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2022). Flow and passive scalar transfer characteristics around a row of interacting tandem cylinders. 34 596–619. Journal of Hydrodynamics.
  • Kingora, K., Sadat, H. (2022). Flow and scalar transfer characteristics for a circular colony of vegetation. Other. 34 (8) 083606. AIP Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090272
  • Man, K., Liu, J., Phan, K., Wang, K., Lee, J., Sun, X., Story, M., Saha, D., Liao, J., Sadat, H., Yang, Y. (2022). Dimensionality-dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 14 (15) 17081-17092. ACS Publications. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.2c01266
  • Kingora, K., Burks, W.L., Sadat, H. (2022). Flow and mass transfer characteristics for interacting side-by-side cylinders. Other. 34 (2) 023602. AIP Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078171
  • Kingora, K., Sadat-Hosseini, H. (2022). A novel interpolation-free sharp-interface immersed boundary method. Journal of Computational Physics. 453 110933. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021999121008287
  • Heydari, M., Sadat, H., Singh, R. (2021). A Computational Study on the Aeroacoustics of a Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial System. Other. 11 (20) 9732. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
  • Sanada, Y., Kim, D., Sadat, H., Stern, F., Hossain, M.A., Wu, P., Toda, Y., Otzen, J., Simonsen, C., Abdel-Maksoud, M., Scharf, M., Grigoropoulos, G. (2021). Assessment of EFD and CFD capability for KRISO Container Ship added power in head and oblique waves. Ocean Engineering. 243 110224. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801821015390
  • Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2021). Effects of Hook, Interceptor, and Water Jets on LCS Resistance/Power, Sinkage, and Trim. Other. 1--24.
  • Kingora,Kamau, Burks,Wes Lee, Sadat, H. (2021). Flow and mass transfer characteristics for interacting side-by-side cylinders. Other. 34 (2) 023602. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0078171
  • Kim, D., Sanada, Y., Park, S., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2021). URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 1. Turning-circle. Other. 33 (3) 421--447. Springer Singapore.
  • Kim, D., Sanada, Y., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2021). URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 2. Added power. Other. 33 (3) 448--467. Springer Singapore.
  • Heydari, M., Sadat Hosseini, H. (2020). Analysis of propeller wake field and vortical structures using k− ω SST Method. Ocean Engineering. 204 (107247)
  • Broglia, R., Zaghi, S., Campana, E., Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Queutey, P., Visonneau, M., Milanov, E. (2019). Assessment of computational fluid dynamics capabilities for the prediction of three-dimensional separated flows: the DELFT 372 catamaran in static drift conditions. Other. 141 (9) American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.
  • Toxopeus, S., Sadat, H., Visonneauc, M., Guilmineauc, E., Yend, T., Lin, W., Grigoropoulos, G., Stern, F. (2019). CFD, potential flow and system-based simulations of fully appended free running 5415M in calm water and waves. 65 (335) 1-31. International Shipbuilding Progress.
  • Heydari, M., Sadat, H., Nasrazadani, S. (2018). High-Fidelity Propeller-Ice Interaction Studies using CFD-DEM-MBD Coupling. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. 63 APS.
  • Volpi, S., Diez, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D., Stern, F., Thodal, R., Grenestedt, J. (2017). Composite bottom panel slamming of a fast planing hull via tightly coupled fluid-structure interaction simulations and sea trials. Ocean Engineering. 143 240--258. Elsevier.
  • Haro, M.P., Seo, J., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Seok, W., Rhee, S., Stern, F. (2017). Numerical simulations for the safe return to port of a damaged passenger ship in head or following seas. Ocean Engineering. 143 305--318. Elsevier.
  • Espinoza, M.P., Seo, J., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2017). Numerical simulations for the safe return to port of a damaged passenger ship in head or following seas. Ocean Engineering. 143 305-318.
  • Stern, F., Diez, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Yoon, H., Quadvlieg, F. (2017). Statistical approach for computational fluid dynamics state-of-the-art assessment: N-version verification and validation. Other. 2 (3) American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Stern, F. (2016). Experiments and CFD for ONRT Course Keeping in Regular Waves. Other.
  • Yoon, S.H., Kim, D.H., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Yang, J., Stern, F. (2016). High-Fidelity CFD Simulation of Wave Run-Up around Vertical Cylinders in Monochromatic Waves. Other. 59 687-708.
  • Wu, P., Sadat, H., Stern, F., Toda, Y. (2016). Nominal wake fluctuation due to waves-volume mean and distribution based on CFD. Other. 24 13--19.
  • Mousaviraad, S.M., Sadat-Hosseini, S.H., Stern, F. (2016). Ship-Ship Interactions in Calm Water and Waves: Part 1 Analysis of the Experimental Data. Ocean Engineering. 111 615-626.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Kim, D., Carrica, P.M., Rhee, S.H., Stern, F. (2016). URANS simulations for a flooded ship in calm water and regular beam waves. Ocean Engineering. 120 318--330. Elsevier.
  • Stern, F., Wang, Z., Yang, J., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Mousaviraad, M., Bhushan, S. et al. (2015). Recent progress in CFD for naval architecture and ocean engineering. Other. 27 (1) 1-23.
  • Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2014). URANS and DES of Delft Catamaran for Interference, Vortical Structures and Wave Breaking Process at Static Drift Condition. Other. Naval Engineers Journal. 126 (4) 2014.
  • Dogan, T., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2014). DES of Delft Catamaran at static drift condition. Other. 126 (4) 97--101. American Society of Naval Engineers.
  • Mousaviraad, S., Sadat-Hosseini, S., Carrica, P., Stern, F. (2014). URANS studies and validation of ship-ship interactions in calm water and waves for replenishment and overtaking conditions [J]. Other.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Wu, P.C., Carrica, P., Kim, H., Toda, Y., Stern, F. (2013). CFD Simulation and Validation of Added Resistance of KVLCC2 with Fixed and Free Surge Conditions in Short and Long Head Waves. Ocean Engineering. 59 240-273.
  • Stern, F., Yang, J., Wang, Z., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Mousaviraad, S.M., Bhushan, S., Xing, T. (2013). Computational Ship Hydrodynamics: Nowadays and Way Forward. Other. 60 (1-4) 3-105.
  • Wu, P.C., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2013). Nominal Wake Fluctuation due to Waves: Volume Mean and Distribution Based on CFD. Other. 516 (5) 219-222.
  • Carrica, P.M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F. (2012). CFD Analysis of Broaching for a Model Surface Combatant with Explicit Simulation of Moving Rudders and Rotating Propellers. Other. 53 117-132.
  • Araki, M., Sadat-Hosseini, H., Sanada, Y., Tanimoto, K., Umeda, N., Stern, F. (2012). Estimating maneuvering coefficients using system identification methods with experimental, system-based, and CFD free-running trial data. Ocean Engineering. 51 63--84. Pergamon.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Carrica, P., Stern, F., Umeda, N., Hashimoto, H., Yamamura, S., Mastuda, A. (2011). CFD, system-based and EFD study of ship dynamic instability events: Surf-riding, periodic motion, and broaching. Ocean Engineering. 38 (1) 88--110. Pergamon.
  • Sadat Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Olivieri, A., Campana, E., Hashimoto, H., Umeda, N., Bulian, G., Francescutto, A. (2010). Head-waves Parametric Rolling of a Surface Combatant. Ocean Engineering. 37 (10) 859-878.
  • Park, I.R., Sadat Hosseini S. H., Stern F. (2008). Numerical Analysis of Ship Motions in Beam Sea using Unsteady RANS and Overset Grid Methods. Other. 45 (2) 109-123.
  • SADAT, H.S., MOUSAVIRAD, S., FIROUZABADI, B., Ahmadi, G. (2008). Numerical simulation of free-surface waves and wave induced separation. SCIENTIA IRANICA.
  • Carrica, P.M., Paik, K., Hosseini, H.S., Stern, F. (2008). URANS analysis of a broaching event in irregular quartering seas. Other. 13 (4) 395--407. Springer.
  • SADAT, H.S., MOUSAVIRAD, S., SEYF, M. (2005). NUMERICALCALCULATIONS OF SHIP INDUCED WAVES. JOURNAL OF MARINE ENGINEERING.
  • Behzad, M., Rad, M., Taghipour, R., Mousavi Rad, S.M., Sadat Hosseini, S.H. (2004). ** PARAMETRIC STUDY OF HULL OPERABILITY IN WAVES FOR A TOURIST SUBMARINE. Other. 1 (1) 13--23. Journal Of Marine Engineering.
  • SEYF, M., SADAT, H.S., MOUSAVIRAD, S. (2004). AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A WING MOVING CLOSE TO WATER SURFACE. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SHARIF (SHARIF: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING).
  • SADAT, H.S., MOUSAVIRAAD, S., SEIF, M. (2004). BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR WAVE MAKING RESISTANCE OF SHIPS.
  • SadatHosseini, S., Mousaviraad, S., Seif, M. (2004). The effect of asymmetric water entry on the hydrodynamic impact. Other. 17 (2) 205--212. Materials and Energy Research Center.

    • Ph.D. Thesis

  • Hosseini, S.H. (2009). CFD prediction of ship capsize: parametric rolling, broaching, surf-riding, and periodic motions. The University of Iowa.

    • Technical Report

  • Visonneauc, M., Queutey, P., Deng, G., Toxopeus, S., Stern, F., Sanada, Y., Sadat Hosseini, H., Bordier, L., Nobis, H. (2020). Final Report on EVALUATION OF PREDICTION METHODS FOR SHIP PERFORMANCE IN HEAVY WEATHER, Chapter 6 – ONRT in calm water and waves”, NATO AVT-280 report on Evaluation of Prediction Methods for Ship Performance in Heavy Weather.
  • Sadat, H., Stern, F., Milanov, E., Georgiev, S., Zlatev, Z. (2016). Chapter 3- CFD and System-Based Prediction of Delft Catamaran Maneuvering and Course Stability in Calm water. NATO Report AVT-216..
  • Sadat, H., Toxopeus, S., Diez, M., Stern, F., Grigoropoulos,, G., Makris, D. (2016). Chapter 4- CFD and Potential Flow Simulations of Fully Appended Free Running 5415M in Irregular Waves. NATO Report AVT-216.
  • Sadat, H., Simonsen, C., Stern, F., Toxopeus, S., Flensborg Otzen, J., Castiglione, T., Grigoropoulos, G., Stocker, M. (2016). Chapter 5- Experiments and Computations for KCS Added Resistance for Variable Heading. NATO Report AVT-216.
  • Sadat, H., Visonneau,, M., Deng, G., Queutey, P., Stern, F., Toxopeus, S., Makris,, D., Grigoropoulos, G. (2016). Chapter 6- Experiments and CFD for ONRT Course Keeping, Turning Circle, and Zigzag Maneuver in regular Waves. NATO Report AVT-216.
  • Sadat-Hosseini, H., Stern, F., Toxopeus, S. (2012). CFD simulations of course keeping in irregular waves for 5415M. Report.

Presentations Given

    Oral Presentation

  • Haque, R.S. (Author & Presenter), Sadat, H. (Author), Wang, G. (Author), Prasad, V. (Author), Tenth Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Supercritical Transport Model: Governing Equations, Dimensionless Parameters, and Joule-Thompson Effect, American Society of Thermal and Fluid Engineers, Washington DC, United States of America. (2025).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Keys, D. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2024, Designing Input Wave Signals to Achieve Desired Ship Responses Through Linear and Nonlinear Conditioning, APS, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America. (2024 - 2024).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Salimi, S. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2024, Dynamics of Physiological Blood Flow in Non-Planar Curved Artery Models, APS, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America. (2024 - 2024).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Raza, M. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2024, High-Fidelity Simulation of Non-Uniformly Calcified 2D Aortic Valve, APS, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America. (2024 - 2024).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Kakroo, K. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2024, High-Fidelity Simulations of Single and Tandem Perforated Elastic Vortex Generators, APS, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America. (2024 - 2024).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Kingora, K. (Author & Presenter), 6TH Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Numerical simulation of solute transport from multiple cylinders, American Society of Thermal and Fluids Engineers (ASTFE), United States of America. (2021 - 2021).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Phan, K. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2020, CFD Study of Extreme Ship Responses in Seaways by Designed Wave Trail, United States of America. (2020 - 2020).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Kingora, K. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2020, Hybrid immersed boundary method for general purpose CFD simulation, United States of America. (2020 - 2020).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Heydari, M. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2019, A Reduced Order Model for prediction of Aerodynamic Loads on an Unmanned Aerial System with Hybrid Quadcopter Biplane Configuration, Seattle, WA, United States of America. (2019 - 2019).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author), Kingora, K. (Author & Presenter), APS-DFD 2019, Advanced Immersed Boundary Method for Complex Moving/Morphing Boundaries Based on Hybrid Ghost-Cell and Virtual Cut-Cell, Seattle, WA, United States of America. (2019 - 2019).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author & Presenter), Sixth International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, CFD-DEM-MBD Coupling to Study Ice Impacts on Propellers in Arctic Regions, Rome, Italy, United States of America. (2019 - 2019).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author & Presenter), UT Austin/ ARL South-Unmanned Aerial System Charrette, Development of Numerical Methods for High-Fidelity Simulations of UAS, Austin, TX, United States of America. (2019 - 2019).
  • Heydari, M. (Author & Presenter), Bagheri, A. (Author), Sadat, H. (Author), Bostanci, H. (Author), Nasrazadani, S. (Author), IMECE 2018, Simultaneous effects of variable nanolfuid properties and surface roughness on flow and heat transfer in annular microtubes, Pisburgh, PA, United States of America. (2018 - 2018).
  • Heydari, M. (Author), Sadat, H. (Author), APS-DFD, High-Fidelity Propeller-Ice Interaction Studies using CFD-DEM-MBD Coupling, Atlanta, GA, United States of America. (2018 - 2018).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Author & Presenter), UT Austin/ ARL South-Unmanned Aerial System Charrette, Computational Fluid Dynamics for Surface and Aerial Vehicles, Austin, TX, United States of America. (2018 - 2018).

    • Poster

  • Man, K. (Author & Presenter), Liu, J. (Author), Phan, K.M. (Author), Sadat, H. (Author), Yang, Y. (Author), BMES Annual Meeting, Dimensionality-dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior, BMES, San Antonio, TX, United States of America. (2022 - 2022).

Contracts, Grants, Sponsored Research

    Grant - Research

  • Prasad, V., Bostanci, H., Sadat, H., "Collaborative Research: Supercritical Fluids and Heat Transfer - Delineation of Anomalous Region, Ultra-long Distance Gas Transport without Recompression, and Thermal Management," sponsored by NSF, Federal, $370657 Funded. (2023 - 2026).
  • Sadat, H. (Principal), "Development of Physics-Informed Mathematical Models for Ship Extreme Responses in Ocean Waves," sponsored by ONR, Federal, $449336 Funded. (2022 - 2025).
  • Sadat Hosseini, H. (Principal), "The Influence of Aortic Valve Hemodynamics and LVAD on bio-transport processes in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease," Federal, $355073 Funded. (2021 - 2024).
  • Sadat, H., "Added Powering and Heavy Weather Simulations in Support AVT-280, SIMMAN2019, and W2020," sponsored by ONR/University of Iowa, Federal, $50000 Funded. (2017 - 2019).
  • Sadat, H. (Principal), "The Influence of Aortic Valve Hemodynamics and LVAD on bio-transport processes in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease," sponsored by National Institutes of Health, FED, Funded. (2021 - 2024).
  • Sadat Hosseini, S. (Principal), Sadat, H. (Principal), "Experimental and Computational Ship Maneuvering Research: Unsteady 3D Seperation, Added Power, Heavy Weather, Intact/Damaged Stability, and System Identification," sponsored by University of Iowa, NFP, Funded. (2017 - 2018).

Copyrights, Patents

    Patent

  • Prasad, V., Zhang, Z., Banerjee, D., Sadat, H., Bostanci, H., Almara, L., Process and System for Heat Exchange Process, Application #18/320,727. Regular, Date submitted to the University: January 2022. Date of Patent Application: May 19, 2023. .

Service

University Service

  • Committee Member, Strategic Planning Committee. (September 2024 - Present).
  • Chairperson, Fcaulty Search Committee. (2024 - Present).
  • Committee Member, Graduate Affairs Committee. (January 2024 - Present).
  • Other (Associate Chair), Mechanical Engineering Department. (2023 - Present).
  • Other (PhD Program Coordinator), Mechanical Engineering Department. (2021 - Present).
  • Committee Member, IT Advisory committee. (September 2019 - Present).
  • Committee Member, Ph.D. qualifying exam committee. (January 2019 - Present).
  • Committee Member, Scholarship/Awards Committee. (2017 - Present).
  • Member, Fcaulty Search Committee. (2023 - 2024).
  • Committee Member, Teaching Fellow/Teaching Assistant committee. (December 2021 - 2024).
  • Committee Chair, Graduate Affairs Committee. (August 2021 - 2024).
  • Co-Chair, Fcaulty Search Committee (Intelligent Systems). (December 2022 - May 2023).
  • Committee Member, Marketing Committee. (May 2019 - 2022).
  • Committee Member, Academic Integrity and Appeals Committee. (2017 - 2022).
  • Committee Member, Research Roadmap Adhoc Committee. (September 2021 - December 2021).

Professional Service

  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Boundary Layer Meteorology- Springer Nature. (2024 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Computers&Fluids. (2022 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Physics of Fluids. (2022 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Applied Ocean Research. (2018 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. (2018 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Conference Paper, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. (2018 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. (2018 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Marine Science and Engineering. (2018 - Present).
  • Committee Member, UNT Focus Group on Unmanned Aerial Systems. (2018 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Conference Paper, International Conference on Ship Maneuvering in Shallow and Confined Water. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Conference Paper, International Conference on the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Journal of Ship Research. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Journal Article, Ocean Engineering. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Conference Paper, Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Conference Paper, World Maritime Technology Conference. (2017 - Present).
  • Reviewer, Grant Proposal, NSF -CBET. (2019 - 2019).
  • Editor, Guest Editor, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering: Ship Hydrodynamics. (2018 - 2019).