Faculty Profile

Smita Mehta

Title
Lecturer
Department
Educational Psychology
College
College of Education

    

Education

PhD, University of Oregon, 1994.
Major: Special Education
Degree Specialization: Developmental Disabilities
Dissertation Title: Escalating Sequences of Problem Behavior: Analysis and Intervention
MS, University of Oregon, 1990.
Major: Special Education
Dissertation Title: School Transitions: Ideology, Practice, and Issues
MS, M. S. University (Child Development), 1981.
Major: Thesis: An Educational-Cum-Recreational Program for Child-Minders in Child Minding
BS, M. S. University (Child Development), 1979.

Current Scheduled Teaching*

No current or future courses scheduled.

* Texas Education Code 51.974 (HB 2504) requires each institution of higher education to make available to the public, a syllabus for undergraduate lecture courses offered for credit by the institution.

Previous Scheduled Teaching*

EDSP 5330.081, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2022 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2022
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2022
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2022
EPSY 6122.001, Single Subject Research Methodology, Spring 2022 SPOT
EDSP 5330.080, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2021 SPOT
EDSP 5330.086, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2021
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2021
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2021
EDSP 5340.090, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Spring 8W2 2021 SPOT
EDSP 5330.080, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2020 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2020
EDSP 5330.090, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 8W2 2020
EDSP 5330.096, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 8W2 2020
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2020
EPSY 6900.719, Special Problems, Spring 2020
EDSP 5340.090, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Spring 8W2 2020
EDSP 5340.096, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Spring 8W2 2020
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2019 SPOT
EDSP 5330.021, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2019 SPOT
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 8W1 2019 SPOT
EDSP 5330.600, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2019
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2019
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Fall 2019
EDSP 3410.001, Developmental Disabilities and Autism : Identification and Intervention, Spring 2019 Syllabus SPOT
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Spring 2019
EDSP 5340.020, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Spring 2019 SPOT
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2018 SPOT
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2018 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2018
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Summer 10W 2018
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2018 SPOT
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2018 SPOT
EDSP 5330.792, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2018 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2018
EPSY 6120.020, Foundations of Program Evaluation, Spring 2018 SPOT
EPSY 6120.026, Foundations of Program Evaluation, Spring 2018 SPOT
EDSP 6530.001, Advanced Studies in Autism, Fall 2017 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2017
EPSY 5900.719, Special Problems, Fall 2017
EPSY 6900.719, Special Problems, Fall 2017
EDSP 5340.020, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2017 SPOT
EDSP 5340.026, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2017 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2017
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Summer 10W 2017
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2017 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2017
EPSY 6122.001, Single Subject Research Methodology, Spring 2017 SPOT
EDSP 4340.001, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2016 Syllabus SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2016
EDSP 5340.020, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2016 SPOT
EDSP 5340.790, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2016 SPOT
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2016 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2016
EPSY 6120.001, Foundations of Program Evaluation, Spring 2016 SPOT
EPSY 6900.719, Special Problems, Spring 2016
EDSP 6530.001, Advanced Studies in Autism, Fall 2015 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2015
EDSP 5710.020, Special Education Programs and Practices, Fall 2015 SPOT
EPSY 5900.719, Special Problems, Fall 2015
EDSP 5340.020, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2015 SPOT
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2015
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Summer 10W 2015 SPOT
EPSY 6900.719, Special Problems, Summer 10W 2015
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2015
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2015
EPSY 6122.001, Single Subject Research Methodology, Spring 2015
EPSY 6900.719, Special Problems, Spring 2015
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2014
EPSY 6800.001, Selected Topics, Fall 2014
EDSP 5340.020, Supporting High Functioning Students with Autism in General Education, Fall 2014
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2014
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2014
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2014
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2014
EPSY 6120.001, Foundations of Program Evaluation, Spring 2014
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2013
EDSP 5340.020, Teaching Students with High Functioning Autism, Fall 2013
EPSY 6950.705, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2013
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Summer 10W 2013
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2013
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2013
EPSY 6800.003, Selected Topics, Spring 2013
EPSY 6950.719, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2012
EPSY 6030.719, Practicum, Field Problem or Internship, Fall 2012
EPSY 6122.001, Single Subject Research Methodology, Fall 2012
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2012
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2012
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2012
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2012
EDSP 6800.003, Topics in Special Education, Spring 2012
EDSP 6800.793, Topics in Special Education, Spring 2012
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2011
EDSP 5340.020, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2011
EDSP 5340.026, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2011
EDSP 5340.690, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2011
EDSP 6800.002, Topics in Special Education, Fall 2011
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2011
EDSP 6910.703, Special Problems, Summer 10W 2011
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2011
EDSP 5330.026, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2011
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2011
EDSP 5330.001, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2010
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2010
EDSP 5340.020, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2010
EDSP 5340.021, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2010
EDSP 5340.026, Introduction to Students with Asperger's Syndrome, Fall 2010
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2010
EDSP 5800.020, Studies in Special Education, Summer 10W 2010
EDSP 5800.026, Studies in Special Education, Summer 10W 2010
EDSP 4340.001, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2010
EDSP 5330.020, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Spring 2010
EDSP 6950.701, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2010
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Spring 2010
EDSP 5330.040, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2009
EDSP 5330.049, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2009
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Fall 2009
EDSP 5800.020, Studies in Special Education, Fall 2009
EDSP 6950.703, Doctoral Dissertation, Summer 10W 2009
EDSP 5800.001, Studies in Special Education, Summer 10W 2009
EDSP 4330.001, ADV ED STRA EX LR, Spring 2009
EDSP 5370.001, Autism Across the Life Span, Spring 2009
EDSP 6910.701, Special Problems, Spring 2009
EDSP 5330.040, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2008
EDSP 5330.049, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2008
EDSP 5730.020, Educational Aspects of Students with Mild to Moderate Disabilities, Fall 2008
EDSP 4330.001, ADV ED STRA EX LR, Spring 2008
EDSP 6440.001, Research Issues in Special Education, Spring 2008
EDSP 6440.791, Research Issues in Special Education, Spring 2008
EDSP 5330.040, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2007
EDSP 5330.049, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2007
EDSP 5210.040, Collaboration for Inclusion Settings, Fall 2007
EDSP 5210.049, Collaboration for Inclusion Settings, Fall 2007
EDSP 5730.020, Educational Aspects of Students with Mild to Moderate Disabilities, Fall 2007
EDSP 4900.703, Special Problems, Summer 5W1 2007
EDSP 6800.001, Topics in Special Education, Summer 5W1 2007
EDSP 4330.001, ADV ED STRA EX LR, Spring 2007
EDSP 4110.004, Student Teaching in Special Education, Spring 2007
EDSP 5550.020, Theories of Learning as Applied to Exceptional Populations, Spring 2007
EDSP 5330.040, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2006
EDSP 5330.049, Classroom and Behavioral Management Strategies for Exceptional Learners, Fall 2006
EDSP 5730.030, Educational Aspects of Students with Mild to Moderate Disabilities, Fall 2006

* Texas Education Code 51.974 (HB 2504) requires each institution of higher education to make available to the public, a syllabus for undergraduate lecture courses offered for credit by the institution.

Published Publications

Published Intellectual Contributions

Book Chapter
Mehta, S. (2003). Successful implementation of inclusive education: From debate to data. M. L. Han Hui, C. R. Dowson, and M. G. Moont (Eds.). Inclusive Education in the New Millennium. 125-136. Education Convergence & the Association for Childhood Education International.
Johnson, E. C., Mehta, S. (1987). Village Households. Other. Household resources and their changing relationships. Urbana-Champaign, IL: International Agriculture Publications.
Encyclopedia Article
Mehta, S., Miller, T. (2020). Video instruction. The Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_515-3
Mehta, S. S., Miller, T. (2020). Video instruction.
Mehta, S. S., Miller, T. (2020). Video instruction.
Mehta, S., Kauffman, J. (2003). Education of individuals with physical disabilities. Other. New York: NY: Macmillan. http://www.worldcat.org/title/encyclopedia-of-education/oclc/51055802
Journal Article
Batley, P. N., Mehta, S. S., Hitchcock, J. H. (2020). A Bayesian Rate Ratio Effect Size to Quantify Intervention Effects for Count Data in Single Case Experimental Research.. Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders. 46(4), 226-237. Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders.
Mehta, S. S., Natesan, P., Hitchcock, J. (2020). A Bayesian Rate Ratio Effect Size to Quantify Intervention Effects for Count Data in Single Case Experimental Research.
Callahan, K. J., Mehta, S., Nichols, S. M., Sharma, R. (2019). Behavioral Artistry: Examining the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Skills and Effective Practice Repertoires of Applied Behavior Analysis Practitioners. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Ward, K., Mehta, S. S. (2019). The use of a stimulus control transfer procedure to teach spontaneous manding to children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 1-11. Sage Publishing.
Caldwell, N. N., Mehta, S. (2018). Applied Use of Video Modeling: A Survey of Autism Professionals. 5, 102-116. http://www.daddcec.com/doj.html
Caldwell, N., Mehta, S. S. (2018). Applied Use of Video Modeling: A Survey of Autism Professionals. 5, 102-116.
Mehta, S., Callahan, K., Hughes, H. L., Toussaint, K. A., Nichols, S. M., Ma, P. S. (2017). Empirically and socially validated evidence-based practices in autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 32, 188-197. Sage.
Boesch, M. C., Mehta, S., DeFont, A. (2016). A review comparing AAC intervention components yields a list of studied components, but conclusions regarding comparative effectiveness appear flawed. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention. 10, 13-19. Taylor & Francis Online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2016.1200256
Boesch, M. C., Mehta, S., DeFont, A. (2016). A Review comparing AAC systems yields mixed results indicating that a broad focus may lead to narrow recommendations. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention. 10, 108-113. Taylor & Francis Online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2016.1237159
Boesch, M. C., Mehta, S., Da Fonte, M. A. (2016). Comparing multiple communication modalities yields mixed results indicating that a broad focus may lead to narrow recommendations. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention. 10(2), 108-113.
Mehta, S., Balderaz, L. (2016). Computer Assisted Instruction to Improve Perspective-Taking Skills of Children with High Functioning Autism. 3(2154-1647), 24-41. Arlington, VA 22202: Division of Developmental Disabilities and Autism, Council for Exceptional Children. http://daddcec.org/Publications/ETADDJournal/CurrentETADDJournal.aspx
Mehta, S., Crone, R. Effectiveness of parent training on generalized use of behavior analytic strategies for decreasing the problem behavior of children with autism.. Education & Treatment of Children. 39, 64-94. Morgantown, WV 26506:.
Callahan, K. J., Hughes, H. L., Mehta, S., Toussaint, K. A., Nichols, S. M., Ma, P. S., Kutlu, M., Wang, H. (2016). Social Validity of Evidence-Based Practices and Emerging Interventions in Autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 1088357616632446. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Mehta, S., (2016). Computer Assisted Instruction to Improve Perspective-Taking Skills of Children with High Functioning Autism. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities. 3, 24-41.
Crone, R., Mehta, S. (2016). Effectiveness of parent training on generalized use of behavior analytic strategies for decreasing the problem behavior of children with autism. 39, 64-94.
Alward, J., Mehta, S., Combes, B. H. (2015). The extent of autism knowledge of novice alternatively certified special education teachers in Texas. Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship. 4(2), 1-17.
Mehta, S., Alward, J. (2015). The extent of autism knowledge of novice alternatively certified special education teachers in Texas. Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship. 4, 1-17. San Bernardino, CA:.
Schafer, E. C., Matthews, L., Mehta, S., Hill, M., Munoz, A., Bishop, R., Moloney, M. (2013). Personal FM systems for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): An initial investigation. Journal of Communication Disorders. 46(1), 30-52.
Schafer, E. C., Mathews, L. H., Mehta, S., Hill, M., Munoz, A., Bishop, R., Moloney, M. (2013). Personal FM systems for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an initial investigation.. Journal of Communication Disorders. 46(1), 30-52.
Hughes, H. L., Combes, B., Mehta, S. (2012). Managing autism : Knowledge and training in autism spectrum disorders among special education administrators. Journal of Special Education Leadership. 25(2), 90-98.
Hughes, H., Combes, B. H., Mehta, S. (2012). Managing autism: Knowledge and training in autism spectrum disorders among special education administrators in Texas. Journal of Special Education Leadership. 25(2), 90-98.
Mehta, S., Miller, T. (2011). Video instruction. Other. (SBN: 978-1-4419-1697-6 (Print) 978-1-4419-1698-3 (Online)), . New York: NY: Springer. http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-1698-3
Callahan, K. J., Mehta, S., Magee, S., Min, W. (2010). ABA versus TEACCH: The case for defining and validating comprehensive treatment models in Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 40(1), 74-88.
Mehta, S., Miller, T., Callahan, K. (2010). Evaluating the effectiveness of video instruction on social and communication skills training for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Literature. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 25(1), 23-36.
Mehta, S., Albin, R. W. (2005). Understanding intra-response class covariation from the matching theory perspective. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention. 2, 268-281.
Mehta, S. (2003). From hypotheses to interventions: Applied challenges of intervening with escalating sequences of problem behavior. Behavior Analyst Today. 4(3), 5-21.
Mehta, S., Albin, R. W. (2003). Twelve practical strategies for preventing behavioral escalation in classroom settings. Preventing School Failure. 47(3), 156-161.
Kennedy, C. H., Meyer, K. A., Knowles, T., Mehta, S. (2000). Analyzing the multiple functions of stereotypical behavior for students with autism: Implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 33(4), 559-571.
Mehta, S., Kennedy, C. H., Cushing, L. S. (1999). Intermediate school students with severe disabilities: Supporting their social participation in general education classrooms. The Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. 1(3), 130-140.
Meyer, K. A., Kennedy, C. H., Mehta, S., Cushing, L. S. (1999). Receptive communication in Late-Stage Rett Syndrome: A cautionary case note. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 29(1), 93-94.
Mehta, S. (1998). Adult influence on the participation of peers without disabilities in peer support programs. Journal of Behavioral Education. 8(4), 397-413.
Kennedy, C. H., Mehta, S., Fryxell, D. (1997). Comparing the effects of educational placement on the social relationships of intermediate school students with severe disabilities. Exceptional Children. 64(1), 31-47.
Cushing, L. S., Kennedy, C. H., Mehta, S., Davis, J., Meyer, K. A. (1997). Disentangling the effects of curriculum revision and the social grouping within cooperative learning arrangements. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 12(4), 231-240.
Mehta, S., Albin, R. W. (1996). Effects of extinction alone and extinction plus functional communication training on covariation of problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis. 29(4), 565-568.
Mehta, S., Surratt, A., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W. (1995). Examining the relationship between self-initiations of an individual with disabilities and directive behavior of staff persons in a residential setting. Behavioral Interventions. 10(2), 101-110.
Kennedy, C. H., Mehta, S. (1995). Social interaction for people with autism as a set of past, current, and emerging propositions. Journal of Behavior Disorders. 21(1), 21-35.
Parikh, J., Mehta, S. (1984). Mental Health through integration of developmentally handicapped children. Other. 28(2), .

Awarded Grants

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Grant - Research
Carnett, A. (Principal), Mehta, S. (Co-Principal), Boesch, M. C. (Co-Principal), "Effects of video peer modeling vs. self-modeling on functional communication and problem behavior of children with autism," Sponsored by Micro Grant Mentoring Program, University of North Texas, $1500 Funded. (20172018).
Grant - Service
Boesch, M. C. (Principal), Aoyama, K. (Co-Principal), Mehta, S. (Co-Principal), "Project Communicate," Sponsored by Office of Special Education Programs, Federal, $1244239 Funded. (September 1, 2022August 31, 2027).
Grant - Teaching
Mehta, S. (Principal), "Project STArT: Systematic Training for Autism Teachers," Sponsored by Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), USDOE Washington, D.C., Federal, $1247881 Funded. (20132020).
Mehta, S. (Co-Principal), "Project TELL: Training Effective Leaders for High Needs Schools through Local Partnerships," Sponsored by Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), USDOE Washington, D.C., Federal, $1195374 Funded. (20112020).
Mehta, S. (Principal), "Project DART: Distributed education for Autism personnel in rural Texas," Sponsored by Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), USDOE Washington, D.C., Federal, $799420 Funded. (20082013).
Sponsored Research
Carnett, A. (Principal), Mehta, S. S. (Co-Principal), Boesch, M. (Co-Principal), "Effects of video peer modeling vs. self-modeling on functional communication and problem behavior of children with autism," Sponsored by Micro Grant Mentoring Program, University of North Texas, $1500.00 Funded. (20172018).
,
Overall
Summative Rating
Challenge and
Engagement Index
Response Rate

out of 5

out of 7
%
of
students responded
  • Overall Summative Rating (median):
    This rating represents the combined responses of students to the four global summative items and is presented to provide an overall index of the class’s quality. Overall summative statements include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 5 = Excellent, 3 = Good, and 1= Very poor):
    • The course as a whole was
    • The course content was
    • The instructor’s contribution to the course was
    • The instructor’s effectiveness in teaching the subject matter was
  • Challenge and Engagement Index:
    This rating combines student responses to several SPOT items relating to how academically challenging students found the course to be and how engaged they were. Challenge and Engagement Index items include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 7 = Much higher, 4 = Average, and 1 = Much lower):
    • Do you expect your grade in this course to be
    • The intellectual challenge presented was
    • The amount of effort you put into this course was
    • The amount of effort to succeed in this course was
    • Your involvement in course (doing assignments, attending classes, etc.) was
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