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David C. Cicero

Title: Professor

Department: Psychology

College: College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae Link

Education

  • PhD, University of Missouri, 2012
    Major: Clinical Psychology
    Specialization: Clinical Psychology
    Dissertation: Understanding Delusions: The Role of Aberrant Salience and Defensive Self-Processing
  • MA, University of Missouri, 2007
    Major: Clinical Psychology
    Specialization: Clinical Psychology
    Dissertation: Does Ego Threat Increase Paranoia?
  • BA, University of Virginia, 2003
    Major: Psychology
    Specialization: Psychology
    Dissertation: NA

Current Scheduled Teaching

PSYC 6950.717Doctoral DissertationSpring 2025
PSYC 6835.001External Research PracticumSpring 2025
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisSpring 2025
PSYC 6820.712PracticumSpring 2025
PSYC 6830.714PracticumSpring 2025
PSYC 6850.751Predoctoral InternshipSpring 2025
PSYC 5900.731Special ProblemsSpring 2025
PSYC 6900.714Special ProblemsSpring 2025
PSYC 6950.711Doctoral DissertationFall 2024
PSYC 6835.003External Research PracticumFall 2024
PSYC 6610.702Independent ResearchFall 2024
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisFall 2024
PSYC 6820.715PracticumFall 2024
PSYC 6830.713PracticumFall 2024
PSYC 6840.750Predoctoral InternshipFall 2024
PSYC 6840.752Predoctoral InternshipFall 8W1 2024
PSYC 6840.753Predoctoral InternshipFall 8W2 2024
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2024
PSYC 5900.704Special ProblemsFall 8W2 2024
PSYC 5900.731Special ProblemsFall 2024
PSYC 6900.703Special ProblemsFall 2024

Previous Scheduled Teaching

PSYC 6950.715Doctoral DissertationSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 6835.003External Research PracticumSummer 10W 2024 SPOT
PSYC 6610.708Independent ResearchSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 5950.725Master's ThesisSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 5950.731Master's ThesisSummer 5W2 2024
PSYC 6820.706PracticumSummer 10W 2024 SPOT
PSYC 6830.712PracticumSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 6850.750Predoctoral InternshipSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 5900.738Special ProblemsSummer 10W 2024
PSYC 6950.717Doctoral DissertationSpring 2024
PSYC 6950.726Doctoral DissertationSpring 2024
PSYC 6835.001External Research PracticumSpring 2024 SPOT
PSYC 3996.700Honors College Mentored Research ExperienceSpring 2024
PSYC 4950.730Honors ThesisSpring 2024
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisSpring 2024
PSYC 6820.712PracticumSpring 2024 SPOT
PSYC 6830.714PracticumSpring 2024 SPOT
PSYC 6850.752Predoctoral InternshipSpring 2024 SPOT
PSYC 5900.731Special ProblemsSpring 2024
PSYC 6900.714Special ProblemsSpring 2024
PSYC 6910.723Special ProblemsSpring 2024
PSYC 6950.732Doctoral DissertationFall 2023
PSYC 4950.701Honors ThesisFall 2023
PSYC 6610.727Independent ResearchFall 2023 SPOT
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisFall 2023
PSYC 6820.712PracticumFall 2023 SPOT
PSYC 6820.715PracticumFall 8W2 2023
PSYC 6830.712PracticumFall 2023 SPOT
PSYC 6830.714PracticumFall 8W2 2023
PSYC 6840.751Predoctoral InternshipFall 2023 SPOT
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2023 SPOT
PSYC 5900.731Special ProblemsFall 2023
PSYC 6610.708Independent ResearchSummer 10W 2023
PSYC 5950.725Master's ThesisSummer 10W 2023
PSYC 6830.712PracticumSummer 10W 2023
PSYC 5950.705Master's ThesisSpring 2023
PSYC 6820.712PracticumSpring 2023
PSYC 6830.712PracticumSpring 2023 SPOT
PSYC 6850.751Predoctoral InternshipSpring 2023
PSYC 5900.726Special ProblemsSpring 2023
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisFall 2022
PSYC 6820.712PracticumFall 2022 SPOT
PSYC 6830.712PracticumFall 2022
PSYC 6840.750Predoctoral InternshipFall 2022
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2022 SPOT
PSYC 5900.731Special ProblemsFall 2022
PSYC 6610.708Independent ResearchSummer 10W 2022
PSYC 6820.702PracticumSummer 10W 2022 SPOT
PSYC 5950.705Master's ThesisSpring 2022
PSYC 6850.751Predoctoral InternshipSpring 2022
PSYC 2317.002Quantitative MethodsSpring 2022 Syllabus SPOT
PSYC 4950.701Honors ThesisFall 2021
PSYC 5950.715Master's ThesisFall 2021
PSYC 2317.001Quantitative MethodsFall 2021 Syllabus SPOT
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2021 SPOT
PSYC 6950.715Doctoral DissertationSummer 10W 2021
PSYC 6820.702PracticumSummer 10W 2021 SPOT
PSYC 6900.715Special ProblemsSummer 10W 2021
PSYC 6950.715Doctoral DissertationSpring 2021
PSYC 2317.001Quantitative MethodsSpring 2021 Syllabus SPOT
PSYC 6900.715Special ProblemsSpring 2021
PSYC 6950.715Doctoral DissertationFall 2020
PSYC 4950.715Honors ThesisFall 2020
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2020 SPOT
PSYC 4910.715Special ProblemsFall 2020
PSYC 6820.702PracticumSummer 10W 2020 SPOT
PSYC 4610.501Abnormal PsychologySpring 2020 Syllabus
PSYC 4950.715Honors ThesisSpring 2020
PSYC 6610.715Independent ResearchSpring 2020
PSYC 6830.702PracticumSpring 2020
PSYC 4910.715Special ProblemsSpring 2020
PSYC 5700.001Quantitative Methods IFall 2019 SPOT

Published Intellectual Contributions

    Book Chapter

  • Cicero, D.C. (2023). Psychotic Disorders. APA Handbook of Psychotherapy. Washington, DC, APA.
  • Su, C.C., Cicero, D.C. (2023). Schizotypy in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology and Traditional Nosologies. Dimensional Approach to Schizotypy: Conceptualization and Treatment. Cham, Springer Nature.
  • Simms, L.S., Wright, A.G., Cicero, D.C., Kotov, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Selbom, M., Watson, D., Widiger, T.A., Zimmerman, J. (2023). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Approach to Assessment: Summary of the First Phase of the HiTOP Self-Report Development. Oxford Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology Assessment.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2018). Self-concept clarity and psychopathology. Self-Concept Clarity: Perspectives on Assessment, Research, and Applications. 219-242. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85045583822
  • Conference Proceeding

  • Klaunig, M., du Plessis, Stefan, Kilian, S., Cicero, D.C., Buckle, C., Seedat, S., Emsley, R. (2018). Association between Childhood Trauma and Inhibitory Control in South Africans with Early Psychosis. Other. 12 131-131.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2018). Discrimination of Anomalous Self-experiences from Psychotic-Like Experiences and Dissociation: Relations with Self-processing and Schizotypal Personality. Other. 12 107-107.
  • Polari, A., Lavoie, S., Li, E., Cicero, D.C., Lucasz, G., Whitford, T., Koren, D., Hartmann, J., Nelson, B. (2018). The Construct Validity of the Inventory of Psychotic-like Anomalous Self-experiences (IPASE) as a Measure of Minimal Self-disturbance. Other. 12 106-106.
  • Klaunig, M.J., Neis, A.M., Trask, C., Hansen, G., Cicero, D.C. (2016). Associations among self-disturbances in schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychology. 51 111-111.
  • Cicero, D.C., Klaunig, M.J., Neis, A.M., Trask, C.L. (2016). Introducing the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE): Development and Validation of a New Measure. Other. 10 64-64.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2014). Measurement invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in Asian, Pacific Islander, White, and multiethnic populations. Other. 8 134-134.
  • Cicero, D.C., McCarthy, D.M., Kerns, J.G. (2011). THE ABERRANT SALIENCE INVENTORY: VALIDATION OF A NEW MEASURE OF PSYCHOSIS PRONENESS. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 37 2-3.
  • Encyclopedia Article

  • Cicero, D.C., Klaunig, M.J. (2017). Bipolar disorder: Biological factors. In Wenzel, A.E. (Ed). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA..
  • Cicero, D., Trask, C. (2017). Bipolar disorder: Epidemiology. 1. In Wenzel, A.E. (Ed). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA..
  • Cicero, D., Trask, C. (2017). Bipolar I disorder. In Wenzel, A.E. (Ed). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA..
  • Journal Article

  • Hricovic, M., Su, C.C., Bart, T., Marsh, K.F., Alsup, C., Cicero, D.C. (2024). Measurement Invariance of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 across East Asian, Southeast Asian, and White Participants. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 15 (1) 1-10.
  • Forbes, M.K., Ringwald, W.R., Allen, T., Cicero, D.C., Clark, L.A., DeYoung, C.G., Eaton, N., Kotov, R., Krueger, R.F., Latzman, R.D., Martin, E.A., Naragon-Gainey, K., Ruggero, C., Waldman, I.D., Brandes, C., Fried, E.I., Goghari, V.M., Hankin, B., Sperry, S., Stanton, K., Aftab, A., Lynam, D., Roche, M., Wright AGC. (2024). Principles and procedures for revising the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology.. Other. 133 (1) 4-19.
  • Escobar, I., Yanouri, L.L., Herrera, C., Callahan, J.L., Ruggero, C., Cicero, D.C. (2023). Intergenerational Differences in Barriers that Impede Mental Health Service Use among Latinos. Practice Innovations. 8 (2) 116-130.
  • Bart, T.A., Su, C.C., Gonzales Zapata, D., Alsup, C., Hricovec, M., Callahan, J.L., Ruggero, C., Cicero, D.C. (2023). Measurement Invariance of Commonly Used Psychosis-Screening Scales in US Spanish- and English-Speaking Hispanic Participants. Psychological Assessment. 35 300-310. American Psychological Association.
  • Kotov, R., Carpenter, W.T., Cicero, D.C., Correll, C., Martin, E.A., Young, J., Zalad, D. Psychosis Superspectrum II: Neurobiology, treatment, and implications.
  • Merola, G.P., Boy, O.B., Fascina, I., Pecoraro, V., Falone, A., Patti, A., Santarelli, G., Cicero, D.C., Ballerini, A., Ricca, V. (2023). Aberrant Salience Inventory: A meta-analysis to investigate its psychometric properties and identify screening cutoff scores.. Other. 64 (6) 734-745.
  • DeYoung, C.G., Kotov, R., Krueger, R., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C.C., Eaton, N.R., Forbes, M.K., Hallquist, M., Jonas, K., Latzman, R.D., Rodriguez-Seijas, C.A., Ruggero, C., Simms, L., Waldman, I., Waszczuk, M., Widiger, T.A., Wright, A.G. (2022). Answering questions about the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): Analogies to whales and sharks miss the boat. Clinical Psychological Science.
  • Meyer, M., Cohn, J.R., Hayashi, Cicero, D. (2022). Momentary assessment of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment.
  • Kotov, R., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C.C., DeYoung, C.G., Dombrovski, A., Eaton, N.R., First, M.B., Forbes, M.K., Hyman, S.E., Jonas, K.G., Krueger, R.F., Latzman, R.D., Li , J.J., Nelson, B.D., Regier, D.A., Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Ruggero, C., Simms, L.J., Skodol, A.E., Waldman, I.D., Waszczuk, M.A., Watson, D., Widiger, T.A., Wilson, S., Wright AGC. (2022). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in psychiatric practice and research.. Psychological Medicine. 52 (9) 1666-1678.
  • Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H.F., Waszczuk, M.A., Conway, C.C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M.N., Eaton, N.R., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Hobbs, K.A., Michelini, G., Nelson, B.D., Sellbom, M., Slade, T., South, S.C., Sunderland, M., Waldman, I., Witthöft, M., Wright, A.G., Kotov, R., Krueger, R.F., Afzali, K., Bornovalova, M.A., Carpenter, W.T., Carragher, N., Cicero, D.C., Dick, D.M., Docherty, A.R., First, M.B., Fried, E.I., Hallquist, M.N., Jonas, K., Keyes, K.M., Latzman, R.D., Markon, K.E., Morey, L.C., Mullins‐Sweatt, S.N., Naragon‐Gainey, K., Olino, T.M., Patalay, P., Patrick, C.J., Pincus, A.L., Reininghaus, U., Rodriguez‐Seijas, C., Rutter, L.A., Salum, G.A., Shackman, A.J., Skodol, A.E., Slade, T., Tabb, K., Tackett, J.L., Watts, A.L., Uliaszek, A.A., Widiger, T.A., Zald, D.H., Zimmermann, J., Zinbarg, R.E. (2022). Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. Other. 21 (1) 26-54. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20943
  • Simms, L.J., Wright, A.G., Cicero, D.C., Kotov, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Sellbom, M., Watson, D., Widiger, T.A., Zimmermann, J. (2022). Development of Measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Collaborative Scale Development Project. Assessment. 29 (1) 3-16. SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10731911211015309
  • Cicero, D.C., Jonas, K.G., Chmielewski, M., Martin, E.A., Docherty, A.R., Berzon, J., Haltigan, J.D., Reininghaus, U., Caspi, A., Graziolplene, R.G., Kotov, R. (2022). Development of the Thought Disorder Measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. Assessment. 29 (1) 46-61. SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10731911211015355
  • Pelizza, L., Azzali, S., Garlassi, S., Scazza, I., Paterlini, F., Chiri, L.R., Poletti, M., Pupo, S., Cicero, D.C., Preti, A., Raballo, A. (2021). Assessing aberrant salience in young community help‐seekers with early psychosis: The approved Italian version of the Aberrant Salience Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 77 782-803. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23059
  • Cicero, D.C., Ruggero, C. (2021). Commentary– Opening a can of worms: the importance of testing the measurement invariance of hierarchical models of psychopathology – a commentary on He and Li (2020). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 62 299-302. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13353
  • Li, L.Y., Dodell-Feder, D., Germine, L., Cicero, D., Martin, E.A. (2021). Comparability of Social Anhedonia Across Epidemiological Dimensions: A Multi-National Study of Measurement Invariance of the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale. 33 171-179.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2021). Rethinking the Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: Data-Driven Psychological Dimensions, Not Categories, as a Framework for Mental-Health Research, Treatment, and Training. Current Directions in Psychological Science. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85104981262&partnerID=MN8TOARS
  • Kotov, R., Krueger, R., Watson, D., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C., DeYoung, C., Eaton, N., Forbes, Hallquist, M., Latzman, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S., Ruggero, C., Simms, L., Waldman, I., Waszczuk, M., Wright. (2021). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Quantitative Nosology Based on Consensus of Evidence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 17 83-108. Prosper, http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85101867124&partnerID=MN8TOARS
  • Cicero, D.C., Cohn, J.R., Nelson, B., Gawęda, Ł. (2021). The nomological network of anomalous self-experiences and schizotypal personality in a nonclinical sample.. Other. 8 (3) 235-247. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cns0000276
  • Cicero, D.C. (2021). Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. Other. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85106247524&partnerID=MN8TOARS
  • Trask, C.L., Matsui, M.M., Cohn, J.R., Klaunig, M.J., Cicero, D.C. (2021). Anomalous self-experiences in cognition are negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Other. 26 (5) 307-320. Informa UK Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2021.1935225
  • Kim, H., Turiano, N.A., Forbes, M.K., Kotov, R., Krueger, R.F., Eaton, N.R. (2021). Internalizing psychopathology and all‐cause mortality: a comparison of transdiagnostic vs. diagnosis‐based risk prediction. Other. 20 (2) 276-282. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20859
  • Pelizza, L., Azzali, S., Garlassi, S., Scazza, I., Paterlini, F., Chiri, L.R., Poletti, M., Pupo, S., Cicero, D.C., Preti, A., Raballo, A. (2021). Assessing aberrant salience in young community help‐seekers with early psychosis: The approved Italian version of the Aberrant Salience Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 77 (3) 782-803. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23059
  • Mah, A.C., Hill, K.A., Cicero, D.C., Nakamura, B.J. (2020). A psychometric evaluation of the intention scale for providers - direct items. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research.
  • Rand-giovannetti, D., Cicero, D.C., Latner, J., Mond, J. (2020). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire: Measurement Invariance between Sexes. Assessment.
  • Li, L.Y., Meyer, M.S., Martin, E.A., Gross, G.M., Kwapil, T.R., Cicero, D.C. (2020). Differential item functioning of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Scale-Brief across ethnicity.. Psychological Assessment. 32 (4) 383-393. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000798
  • Li, L.Y., Meyer, M.S., Martin, E.A., Gross, G.M., Kwapil, T.R., Cicero, D. (2020). Differential item functioning of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief. Psychological Assessment. 32 383-393.
  • Trask, C.L., Cohn, J.R., Paxson, A.M., Hansen, G.S., Cicero, D.C. (2020). Form and content of attenuated psychotic symptoms in psychometrically assessed positive and negative schizotypy. Other.
  • Hopwood, C.J., Bagby, R.M., Gralnick, T., Roe, E., Ruggero, C., Mullins-Sweatt, S., Kotov, R., Bach, B.S., Cicero, D., Krueger, R.K., Patrick, C.J., Chmielewski, M., Deyong, C.G., Docherty, A.R., Eaton, N.R., Ivanova, M.Y., Latzman, R.D., Pincus, A.L., Samuel, D.B., Waugh, M.H., Wright, A.G., Zimmerman, J. (2020). Integrating psychotherapy with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). 30 477-497.
  • Cicero, D. (2020). Measurement invariance of the Self-Concept Clarity Scale across race and sex. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q): A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Assessment of Measurement Invariance by Sex. Assessment. 27 164-177. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85076320076&partnerID=MN8TOARS
  • Cicero, D., Gaweda, L., Nelson, B. (2020). The placement of anomalous self- experiences within schizotypal personality in a nonclinical population. Schizophrenia Research.
  • Kotov, R., Jonas, K.G., Carpenter, W.T., Dretsch, M.N., Eaton, N.R., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Hobbs, K., Reininghaus, U., Slade, T., South, S.C., Sunderland, M., Waszczuk, M.A., Widiger, T.A., Wright, A.G., Zald, D.H., Krueger, R.F., Watson, D. (2020). Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. Other. 19 (2) 151-172. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20730
  • Conway, C.C., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Fried, E.I., Hallquist, M.N., Kotov, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Shackman, A.J., Skodol, A.E., South, S.C., Sunderland, M., Waszczuk, M.A., Zald, D.H., Afzali, M.H., Bornovalova, M.A., Carragher, N., Docherty, A.R., Jonas, K.G., Krueger, R.F., Patalay, P., Pincus, A.L., Tackett, J.L., Reininghaus, U., Waldman, I.D., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, J., Bach, B., Bagby, R.M., Chmielewski, M., Cicero, D.C., Clark, L.A., Dalgleish, T., DeYoung, C.G., Hopwood, C.J., Ivanova, M.Y., Latzman, R.D., Patrick, C.J., Ruggero, C., Samuel, D.B., Watson, D., Eaton, N.R. (2019). A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research. Other. 14 (3) 419-436.
  • Jonas, K., Clouston, S., Li, K., Fochtmann, L.J., Lencz, T., Malhotra, A.K., Cicero, D.C., Perlman, G., Bromet, E.J., Kotov, R. (2019). Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele predicts escalation of psychotic symptoms in late adulthood. Schizophrenia Research. 206 82-88.
  • Purton, T., Mond, J., Cicero, D.C., Wagner, A., Stefano, E., Rand-Giovannetti, D., Latner, J. (2019). Body dissatisfaction, internalized weight bias and quality of life in young men and women. Quality of Life Research. 28 (7) 1825-1833.
  • Widiger, T.A., Bach, B., Chmielewski, M., Clark, L.A., DeYoung, C., Hopwood, C.J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R.F., Miller, J.D., Morey, L.C., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Patrick, C.J., Pincus, A.L., Samuel, D.B., Sellbom, M., South, S.C., Tackett, J.L., Watson, D., Waugh, M.H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, J., Bagby, R.M., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C.C., De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, A.R., Eaton, N.R., Forbush, K.T., Haltigan, J.D., Ivanova, M.Y., Latzman, R.D., Lynam, D.R., Markon, K.E., Reininghaus, U., Thomas, K.M. (2019). Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP. Journal of Personality Assessment. 101 (4) 345-355.
  • Cicero, D.C., Martin, E.A., Krieg, A. (2019). Differential item functioning of the Full and Brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiethnic samples and Between Sexes. Assessment. 26 1001-1013.
  • Ruggero, C., Kotov, R.R., Hopwood, C., First, M., Clark, L., Skodol, A.E., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Patrick, C.J., Bach, B., Cicero, D.C., Docherty, A., Simms, L.J., Bagby, R., Krueger, R.F., Callahan, J.L., Chmielewski, M., Conway, C.C., De Clercq, B., Dornbach-Bender, A., Eaton, N.R., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Haltigan, J.D., Miller, j.D., Morey, L.C., Patalay, P., Regier, D.A., Reininghaus, U., Shackman, A.J., Waszczuk, M.A., Watson, D., Wright, A.G., Zimmerman, J. (2019). Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology into Clinical Practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
  • Cicero, D.C., Krieg, A., Martin, E.A. (2019). Measurement Invariance of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Among White, Asian, Hispanic, and Multiracial Populations. Assessment. 26 (2) 294-304.
  • Trask, C.L., Kameoka, V.A., Schiffman, J., Cicero, D.C. (2019). Perceptions of attenuated psychosis in a diverse sample of undergraduates. Other. 13 (4) 922-927.
  • Nelson, B., Li, E., Cicero, D.C., Gaweda, L., Hartnnann, J.A., Koren, D., Polari, A., Whitford, T.J., Lavoie, S. (2019). The construct validity of the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE) as a measure of minimal self-disturbance: Preliminary data. Other. 13 (3) 686-691.
  • Raballo, A., Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G., Sanna, S., Pintus, M., Agartz, I., Pintus, E., Corrias, I., Lai, V., Petretto, D.R., Carta, M.G., Preti, A. (2019). Tracking salience in young people: A psychometric field test of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI). Other. 13 (1) 64-72.
  • Greene, A.L., Eaton, N.R., Li , K., Forbes, M.K., Krueger, R.F., Markon, K.E., Waldman, I.D., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C.C., Docherty, A.R., Fried, E.I., Ivanova, M.Y., Jonas, K.G., Latzman, R.D., Patrick, C.J., Reininghaus, U., Tackett, J.L., Wright AGC, Kotov, R. (2019). Are fit indices used to test psychopathology structure biased? A simulation study.. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
  • Gawęda, Ł., Pionke, R., Arciszewska, A., Prochwicz, K., Frydecka, D., Misiak, B., Cechnicki, A., Cicero, D.C., Nelson, B. (2019). A combination of self-disturbances and psychotic-like experiences. A cluster analysis study on a non-clinical sample in Poland. Psychiatry Research. 273 394-401. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.044
  • Hopwood, C.J., Krueger, R.F., Watson, D., Widiger, T.A., Althoff, R.R., Ansell, E.B., Bach, B., Bagby, R.M., Blais, M.A., Bornovalova, M.A., Chmielewski, M., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C., De Clerq, B., De Fruyt, F., Docherty, A.R., Eaton, N.R., Edens, J.F., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Hengartner, M.P., Ivanova, M.Y., Leising, D., Lukowitsky, M.R., Lynam, D.R., Markon, K.E., Miller, J.D., Morey, L.C., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Ormel, J., Patrick, C.J., Pincus, A.L., Ruggero, C., Samuel, D.B., Sellbom, M., Tackett, J.L., Thomas, K.M., Trull, T.J., Vachon, D.D., Waldman, I.D., Waszczuk, M.A., Waugh, M.H., Wright AGC, Yalch, M.M., Zald, D.H., Zimmermann, J. (2019). Commentary on "The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders".. Journal of Personality Disorders. 1-4.
  • Cicero, D.C., Jonas, K.G., Li , K., Perlman, G., Kotov, R. (2019). Common Taxonomy of Traits and Symptoms: Linking Schizophrenia Symptoms, Schizotypy, and Normal Personality.. Schizophrenia Bulletin.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Ortuno-Sierra, J., Lucas-Molina, B., Debbane, M., Chan, Raymond C. K., Cicero, D.C., Zhang, L.C., Brenner, C., Barkus, E., Linscott, R.J., Kwapil, T., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Cohen, A., Raine, A., Compton, M.T., Tone, E.B., Suhr, J., Bobes, J., Fumero, A., Giakoumaki, S., Tsaousis, I., Preti, A., Chmielewski, M., Laloyaux, J., Mechri, A., Lahmar, M.A., Wuthrich, V., Laroi, F., Badcock, J.C., Jablensky, A., Barron, D., Swami, V., Tran, U.S., Voracek, M. (2018). Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study. Schizophrenia Research. 197 182-191.
  • Krieg, A., Xu, Y., Cicero, D.C. (2018). Comparing Social Anxiety Between Asian Americans and European Americans: An Examination of Measurement Invariance. Assessment. 25 (5) 564-577.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Chan, Raymond C. K., Debbane, M., Cicero, D.C., Zhang, L.C., Brenner, C., Barkus, E., Linscott, R.J., Kwapil, T., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Cohen, A., Raine, A., Compton, M.T., Tone, E.B., Suhr, J., Muniz, J., Perez de Albeniz, Alicia, Fumero, A., Giakoumaki, S., Tsaousis, I., Preti, A., Chmielewski, M., Laloyaux, J., Mechri, A., Lahmar, M.A., Wuthrich, V., Laroi, F., Badcock, J.C., Jablensky, A., Ortuno-Sierra, J. (2018). Comparisons of schizotypal traits across 12 countries: Results from the International Consortium for Schizotypy Research. Schizophrenia Research. 199 128-134.
  • Wilkie, D.P., Cicero, D.C., Mueller, C.W. (2018). Disruptive Behavior Treatment Progress as a Function of Therapy Focus and Youth Diagnosis in a Community Mental Health Setting. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 45 (3) 484-494.
  • Docherty, A.R., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Debbane, M., Chan, Raymond C. K., Linscott, R.J., Jonas, K.G., Cicero, D.C., Green, M.J., Simms, L.J., Mason, O., Watson, D., Ettinger, U., Waszczuk, M., Rapp, A., Grant, P., Kotov, R., De Young, Colin G., Ruggero, C., Eaton, N.R., Krueger, R.F., Patrick, C., Hopwood, C., O'Neill, F.A., Zald, D.H., Conway, C.C., Adkins, D.E., Waldman, I.D., van Os, Jim, Sullivan, P.F., Anderson, J.S., Shabalin, A.A., Sponheim, S.R., Taylor, S.F., Grazioplene, R.G., Bacanu, S.A., Bigdeli, T.B., Haenschel, C., Malaspina, D., Gooding, D.C., Nicodemus, K., Schultze-Lutter, F., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Mohr, C., Carpenter, W.T., Cohen, A.S. (2018). Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 44 S460-S467.
  • Klein, R.A., Vianello, M., Cicero, D.C., Adams, B.G., Adams, R.B., Apler, S., Aveyard, M., Axt, J.R., Bahnik, S., Batra, R., Berkics, M., Bernstein, M.J., Berry, D., Bialobrzeska, O., Binan, E., Bocian, K., J., M., BUsching, R., Redei, A.C., Cai, H., Cambier, F., Cantarero, K., Carmichael, C.L., Ceric, F., Cicero, D.C. (2018). Many labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across sample and setting.
  • Krueger, R.F., Kotov, R., Watson, D., Forbes, M.K., Eaton, N.R., Ruggero, C., Simms, L.J., Widiger, T.A., Achenbach, T.M., Bach, B., Bagby, R.M., Bornovalova, M.A., Carpenter, W.T., Chmielewski, M., Cicero, D.C., Clark, L.A., Conway, C., De Clercq, Barbara, De Young, Colin G., Docherty, A.R., Drislane, L.E., First, M.B., Forbush, K.T., Hallquist, M., Haltigan, J.D., Hopwood, C.J., Ivanova, M.Y., Jonas, K.G., Latzman, R.D., Markon, K.E., Miller, J.D., Morey, L.C., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Ormel, J., Patalay, P., Patrick, C.J., Pincus, A.L., Regier, D.A., Reininghaus, U., Rescorla, L.A., Samuel, D.B., Sellbom, M., Shackman, A.J., Skodol, A., Slade, T., South, S.C., Sunderland, M., Tackett, J.L., Venables, N.C., Waldman, I.D., Waszczuk, M.A., Waugh, M.H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zald, D.H., Zimmermann, J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. Other. 17 (3) 282-293.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Ortuno, J., Debbane, M., Chan, Raymond C. K., Cicero, D.C., Zhangs, L.C., Brenner, C., Barkus, E., Linscott, R.J., Kwapil, T., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Cohen, A., Raine, A., Compton, M.T., Tones, E.B., Suhr, J., Inchausti, F., Bobes, J., Fumero, A., Giakoumaki, S., Tsaousis, I., Preti, A., Chmielewski, M., Laloyaux, J., Mechri, A., Lahmar, M.A., Wuthrich, V., Laroi, F., Badcock, J.C., Jablensky, A., Isvoranu, A.M., Epskamp, S., Fried, Eiko, I. (2018). The Network Structure of Schizotypal Personality Traits. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 44 S468-S479.
  • Cicero, D.C., Cohn, J.R. (2018). The Role of Ethnic Identity, Self-Concept, and Aberrant Salience in Psychotic-Like Experiences. Other. 24 (1) 101-111.
  • Hopwood, C.J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R.F., Watson, D., Widiger, T.A., Althoff, R.R., Ansell, E.B., Bach, B., Bagby, R.M., Blais, M.A., Bornovalova, M.A., Chmielewski, M., Cicero, D.C., Conway, C., De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, A.R., Eaton, N.R., Edens, J.F., Forbes, M.K., Forbush, K.T., Hengartner, M.P., Ivanova, M.Y., Leising, D., Livesley, W.J., Lukowitsky, M.R., Lynam, D.R., Markon, K.E., Miller, J.D., Morey, L.C., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Ormel, J.H., Patrick, C.J., Pincus, A.L., Ruggero, C., Samuel, D.B., Sellbom, M., Slade, T., Tackett, J.L., Thomas, K.M., Trull, T.J., Vachon, D.D., Waldman, I.D., Waszczuk, M.A., Waugh, M.H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Yalch, M.M., Zald, D.H., Zimmermann, J. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Other. 12 (1) 82-86.
  • Klaunig, M.J., Trask, C.L., Neis, A.M., Cohn, J.R., Chen, X., Berglund, A.M., Cicero, D.C. (2018). Associations among domains of self-disturbance in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 267 187-194. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.082
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Debbané, M., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Chan, R.C., Cicero, D.C., Zhang, L., Brenner, C., Barkus, E., Linscott, R.J., Kwapil, T., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Cohen, A., Raine, A., Compton, M.T., Tone, E.B., Suhr, J., Muñiz, J., Fumero, A., Giakoumaki, S., Tsaousis, I., Preti, A., Chmielewski, M., Laloyaux, J., Mechri, A., Lahmar, M.A., Wuthrich, V., Laroi, F., Badcock, J.C., Jablensky, A. (2018). The structure of schizotypal personality traits: A cross-national study. Psychological Medicine. 48 (3) 451-462. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85024374973
  • Merrill, A.M., Karcher, N.R., Cicero, D.C., Becker, T.M., Docherty, A.R., Kerns, J.G. (2017). Evidence that communication impairment in schizophrenia is associated with generalized poor task performance. Psychiatry Research. 249 172-179.
  • Cicero, D.C., Neis, A.M., Klaunig, M.J., Trask, C.L. (2017). The Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE): Development and validation.. Psychological Assessment. 29 (1) 13-25. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000304
  • Cicero, D.C., Martin, E.A., Becker, T.M., Kerns, J.G. (2016). Decreased Self-Concept Clarity in People with Schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 204 (2) 142-147.
  • Wagner, A.F., Stefano, E.C., Cicero, D.C., Latner, J.D., Mond, J.M. (2016). Eating disorder features and quality of life: Does gender matter?. Quality of Life Research. 25 (10) 2603-2610.
  • Cicero, D.C., Krieg, A., Becker, T.M., Kerns, J.G. (2016). Evidence for the Discriminant Validity of the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale From Social Anxiety. Assessment. 23 (5) 544-556.
  • Stefano, E.C., Wagner, A.F., Mond, J.M., Cicero, D.C., Latner, J.D. (2016). Loss of Control Over Eating Scale (LOCES): Validation in undergraduate men and women with and without eating disorder symptoms. Eating Behaviors. 23 137-140.
  • Ebersole, C.R., Atherton, O.E., Belanger, A.L., Skulborstad, H.M., Allen, J.M., Banks, J.B., Baranski, E., Bernstein, M.J., Bonfiglio, Diane B. V., Boucher, L., Brown, E.R., Budiman, N.I., Cairo, A.H., Capaldi, C.A., Chartier, C.R., Chung, J.M., Cicero, D.C., Coleman, J.A., Conway, J.G., Davis, W.E., Devos, T., Fletcher, M.M., German, K., Grahe, J.E., Hermann, A.D., Hicks, J.A., Honeycutt, N., Humphrey, B., Janus, M., Johnson, D.J., Joy-Gaba, J.A., Juzeler, H., Keres, A., Kinney, D., Kirshenbaum, J., Klein, R.A., Lucas, R.E., Lustgraaf, Christopher J. N., Martin, D., Menon, M., Metzger, M., Moloney, J.M., Morse, P.J., Prislin, R., Razza, T., Re, D.E., Rule, N.O., Sacco, T.F., Sauerberger, K., Shrider, E., Shultz, M., Siemsen, C., Sobocko, K., Sternglanz, R.W., Summerville, A., Tskhay, K.O., van Allen, Zack, Vaughn, L.A., Walker, R.J., Weinberg, A., Wilson, J.P., Wirth, J.H., Wortman, J., Nosek, B.A. (2016). Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 67 68-82.
  • Cicero, D.C. (2016). Measurement invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in Asian, Pacific Islander, White, and multiethnic populations.. Psychological Assessment. 28 (4) 351-361. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000180
  • Martin, E.A., Cicero, D.C., Bailey, D.H., Karcher, N.R., Kerns, J.G. (2016). SOCIAL ANHEDONIA IS NOT JUST EXTREME INTROVERSION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF DISTINCT CONSTRUCTS. Journal of Personality Disorders. 30 (4) 451-468.
  • Cicero, D.C., Klaunig, M.J., Trask, C.L., Neis, A.M. (2016). Anomalous Self-Experiences and positive symptoms are independently associated with emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 176 (2-3) 456-461. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.018
  • Cicero, D.C., Docherty, A.R., Becker, T.M., Martin, E.A., Kerns, J.G. (2015). ABERRANT SALIENCE, SELF-CONCEPT CLARITY, AND INTERVIEW-RATED PSYCHOTIC-LIKE EXPERIENCES. Journal of Personality Disorders. 29 (1) 79-99.
  • Karcher, N.R., Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2015). An Experimental Examination of the Aberrant Salience Hypothesis Using a Salience Manipulation and a Behavioral Magical Thinking Task. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. 6 (3) 297-312.
  • Cicero, D.C., Hicks, J.A., King, L.A. (2015). The role of positive affect and individual differences in intuition in the accuracy of pattern recognition. 6 398-414. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality.
  • Cicero, D.C., Martin, E.A., Becker, T.M., Docherty, A.R., Kerns, J.G. (2014). Correspondence Between Psychometric and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis in an Undergraduate Population. Psychological Assessment. 26 (3) 901-915.
  • Cicero, D.C., Martin, E.A., Becker, T.M., Kerns, J.G. (2014). Reinforcement learning deficits in people with schizophrenia persist after extended trials. Psychiatry Research. 220 (3) 760-764.
  • Docherty, A.R., Cicero, D.C., Becker, T.M., Kerns, J.G. (2014). Self-reported Ambivalence in Schizophrenia and Associations With Negative Mood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 202 (1) 70-73.
  • Martin, E.A., Becker, T.M., Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2013). Examination of Affective and Cognitive Interference in Schizophrenia and Relation to Symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 122 (3) 733-744.
  • Cicero, D.C., Becker, T.M., Martin, E.A., Docherty, A.R., Kerns, J.G. (2013). The Role of Aberrant Salience and Self-Concept Clarity in Psychotic-Like Experiences. Other. 4 (1) 33-42.
  • Becker, T.M., Cicero, D.C., Cowan, N., Kerns, J.G. (2012). Cognitive control components and speech symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 196 (1) 20-26.
  • Martin, E.A., Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2012). Social Anhedonia, But Not Positive Schizotypy, Is Associated With Poor Affective Control. Other. 3 (3) 263-272.
  • Martin, E.A., Bailey, D.H., Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2012). Social networking profile correlates of schizotypy. Psychiatry Research. 200 (2-3) 641-646.
  • Martin, E.A., Becker, T.M., Cicero, D.C., Docherty, A.R., Kerns, J.G. (2011). Differential associations between schizotypy facets and emotion traits. Psychiatry Research. 187 (1-2) 94-99.
  • Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2011). Is Paranoia a Defence Against or an Expression of Low Self-esteem?. Other. 25 (5) 326-335.
  • Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2011). Unpleasant and pleasant referential thinking: Relations with self-processing, paranoia, and other schizotypal traits. Journal of Research in Personality. 45 (2) 208-218.
  • Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2010). Can Disorganized and Positive Schizotypy Be Discriminated From Dissociation?. Journal of Personality. 78 (4) 1239-1270.
  • Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G. (2010). MULTIDIMENSIONAL FACTOR STRUCTURE OF POSITIVE SCHIZOTYPY. Journal of Personality Disorders. 24 (3) 327-343.
  • Hicks, J.A., Cicero, D.C., Trent, J., Burton, C.M., King, L.A. (2010). Positive Affect, Intuition, and Feelings of Meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 98 (6) 967-979.
  • Cicero, D.C., Kerns, J.G., McCarthy, D.M. (2010). The Aberrant Salience Inventory: A New Measure of Psychosis Proneness. Psychological Assessment. 22 (3) 688-701.
  • Cicero, D.C., Epler, A.J., Sher, K.J. (2009). Are There Developmentally Limited Forms of Bipolar Disorder?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 118 (3) 431-447.
  • Cicero, D.C., El-Mallakh, R.S., Holman, J., Robertson, J. Antidepressant exposure in bipolar children. 66 317-322.
  • Reference Entry

  • Cicero, D.C. (2017). Bipolar Disorders: Biological Factors. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. SAGE Publications, Inc.. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483365817.n191
  • Cicero, D.C. (2017). Bipolar Disorders: Epidemiology. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. SAGE Publications, Inc.. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483365817.n194
  • Treatment Manual

  • Jonas, K.G., Stanton, K., Simms, L., Mullins-Sweatt, S.N., Guillot, S., Dainer, E., Nelson, B., Cohn, J., Cicero, D., Ruggero, C. (2021). HiTOP Digital Assessment and Tracker (HiTOP-DAT Manual). Open Science Foundation.
  • posted-content

  • Krieg, A., Xu, Y., Cicero, D.C., Miyamoto, S., Krieg, H. (2020). Comparing Social Anxiety in Japanese and European Americans: Integrating Measurement Invariance and Prototype Analyses. Center for Open Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fvubx

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

    Contract

  • Cicero, D. (Principal), Mueller, C. (Supporting), Nakamura, B. (Supporting), "Early Intervention for Psychosis in Hawaii," sponsored by University of North Texas, Federal, $1147844 Funded. (2015 - 2019).
  • Cicero, D. (Principal), Mueller, C. (Supporting), Nakamura, B. (Supporting), "Early Intervention for Psychosis in Hawaii," sponsored by University of North Texas, Federal, Funded. (2015 - 2019).
  • Grant - Research

  • Kelly, K.S. (Principal), Cicero, D.C. (Co-Principal), "North Texas Behavioral Health Careers Opportunity Program (HCOP)," sponsored by Health Resources and Service Administration, Federal, $3186408 Funded. (2023 - 2028).
  • Cicero, D.C. (Principal), "North Texas Center of Excellence (COE) for Redressing Health Service Psychology Disparities," sponsored by Health Resources and Service Administration, Federal, $3420270 Funded. (2022 - 2027).
  • Cicero, D., "Ecological Momentary Assessment of Anomalous Self-Experiences, Aberrant Salience, and Psychotic Symptoms," sponsored by University of North Texas, State, $22953 Funded. (2016 - 2017).
  • Grant - Teaching

  • Cicero, D.C. (Principal), Schwartz, J. (Co-Principal), "The North Texas-20: Expanding Integrated, Interdisciplinary Behavioral Health Doctoral Psychology Training into Community-Based Primary Care across 20 High Need, High Demand Areas of North Texas," sponsored by Health Resources and Service Administration, Federal, $1294938 Funded. (2022 - 2025).
,
Overall
Summative Rating
Challenge and
Engagement Index
Response Rate

out of 5

out of 7
%
of
students responded
  • Overall Summative Rating (median):
    This rating represents the combined responses of students to the four global summative items and is presented to provide an overall index of the class’s quality. Overall summative statements include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 5 = Excellent, 3 = Good, and 1= Very poor):
    • The course as a whole was
    • The course content was
    • The instructor’s contribution to the course was
    • The instructor’s effectiveness in teaching the subject matter was
  • Challenge and Engagement Index:
    This rating combines student responses to several SPOT items relating to how academically challenging students found the course to be and how engaged they were. Challenge and Engagement Index items include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 7 = Much higher, 4 = Average, and 1 = Much lower):
    • Do you expect your grade in this course to be
    • The intellectual challenge presented was
    • The amount of effort you put into this course was
    • The amount of effort to succeed in this course was
    • Your involvement in course (doing assignments, attending classes, etc.) was
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