Rex A. Wright

Previous Scheduled Teaching

Published Intellectual Contributions

Book

• Wright, R. A. and Gendolla, G.H.E.. (2012). How motivation affects cardiovascular response: Mechanisms and applications..
• Wright, R. A., Greenberg, J. ; Brehm, S.S.. (2004). Motivational analyses of social behavior: Building on JAck Brehm's contributions to psychology..

Book Chapter

• Gendolla, G., Wright, R.A., Richter, M. (2019). Advancing issues in motivation intensity research: Updated insights from the cardiovascular system. Oxford handbook of human motivation – 2nd Edition.
• Richter, M., Gendolla, G., Wright, R. (2016). Three decades of research on motivational intensity theory: What we have learned about effort and what we still don't know. Advances in motivation science.
• Wright, R. A. & *Agtarap, S.. (2014). The intensity of behavioral restraint: Determinants and cardiovascular correlates. Biobehavioral foundations of self-regulation.
• Richter, M., & Wright, R. A.. (2012).
• Gendolla, G. H. E., Wright, R. A., & Richter, M.. (2012). Effort intensity: Some insights from the cardiovascular system. Oxford handbook of human motivation.
• Wright, R. A. & *Barreto, P.. (2012). Effort mechanisms linking sex (gender) to cardiovascular response: Toward a comprehensive analysis with relevance for health.
• Wright, R. A. & *Stewart, C. C.. (2012). Multifaceted effects of fatigue on effort and associated cardiovascular responses. How motivation affects cardiovascular response: Mechanisms and applications.
• Wright, R. A.. (2011). Motivational when motivational wasn’t cool.
• Wright, R. A.. (2009). Achievement motivation. Oxford companion to emotion the affective sciences.
• Wright, R. A.. (2009). Drained: Studies of fatigue influence on engagement and associated cardiovascular responses. Psychological factors and cardiovascular disorders: The role of stress and psychosocial influences.
• Gendolla, G. H. E., & Wright, R. A.. (2009). Effort. Oxford companion to emotion the affective sciences.
• Gendolla, G. H. E. and Wright, R. A.. (2005). Motivation in social settings: Studies of effort-related cardiovascular arousal. Social motivation: Conscious and nonconscious processes.
• Wright, R. A. and Franklin, J.. (2004). Ability perception determinants of effort-related cardiovascular response: Mood, optimism, and performance resources.
• Wright, R. A., Greenberg, J., & Brehm, S. S.. (2004). Biographical sketch and personal perspectives.
• Wright, R. A.. (1996). Brehm's theory of motivation as a model of effort and cardiovascular response..
• Wright, R. A.. (1987). Coping difficulty, energy mobilization, and appraisals of a stressor: Introduction of a theory and a comparison of perspectives.

Book Review

• Wright, R. A.. (2012). The handbook of stress science - Biology, psychology and health.

Editorial Material

• Wright, R.A., Pantaleo, G. (2013). Effort processes in achieving performance outcomes: Interrelations among and roles of core constructs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 36 (6) 705-706.

Encyclopedia Article

• Richter, M., & Wright, R. A.. (2012). Autonomic activation. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine.
• Richter, M., & Wright, R. A. (2012). Autonomic nervous system. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine.
• Richter, M., & Wright, R. A.. (2012). Sympathetic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system.

Journal Article

• Wright, R.A., Wright, R.A. Updates and news from Motivation Science.. Other. 6 (1) 1-2. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000173
• Wright, R.A., Mlynski, C., Kelly, K.S. (2020). . Placebo and nocebo influence on perceived cognitive clarity and cardiovascular response to a more or less difficult mental math challenge. Biological Psychology.
• Mlynski, C., Wright, R.A., Wright, R.A., Wright, R.A. (2020). Mortality salience, effort, and cardiovascular response to a bar‐press challenge: Remarkably nuanced effects of a death prime on heart performance. Psychophysiology. 57 (11) Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13649
• Carbajal, I., Mlynski, C., Willson, K., Gillis, K., Wright, R.A. (2019). Circadian mismatch and cardiovascular response to a performance challenge: Larks in morning and evening work sessions. International Journal of Psychophysiology.
• Wright, R.A., Mlynski, C. (2019). Fatigue determination of inhibitory strength and control: A babe in a bath.. Other. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000114
• Wright, R.A., Mlynski, C., Carbajal, I. (2019). Outsiders’ thoughts on generating self-regulatory depletion effects in limited resource experiments.
• Wright, R.A. (2019). Sharon Stephens Brehm (1945-2018).
• Brycz, H., Konarski, R., Kleka, P., Wright, R.A. (2019). The meta-cognitive self: Role of motivation and an updated measurement tool.
• Wright, R., Mlynski, C., Carbajal, I. (2018). Fatigue and the intensity of behavioral restraint – considering significance for health and self-control.
• Brycz, H., Wright, R. (2018). The interplay between motivation and social perception.
• Gendolla, G.H., Wright, R.A. (2018). Updates on the development of Motivation Science.. Other. 4 (1) 1-3. American Psychological Association (APA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000102
• Schuler, E., Mlynski, C., Wright, R.A. (2017). Influence of mortality salience on effort-related cardiovascular response to an identity-relevant challenge.
• Szumowska, E., Szwed, P., Kossowska, M., Wright, R.A. (2017). Multifaceted effects of Need for Closure on effort: A cardiovascular response study.
• Mlynski, C., Wright, R.A., Agtarap, S., Rojas, J. (2017). Naturally-occurring fatigue and cardiovascular response to a simple memory challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 119 73-78.
• Stewart, C.C., Wright, R.A., Griffith, H.R. (2016). Difficulty, effort and cardiovascular response to a working memory challenge: Older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 104 53-61.
• Gendolla, G., Wright, R. (2016). Gathering the diaspora – Plans and visions for Motivation Science.
• Wright, R.A. (2016). Motivation theory essentials: Understanding motives and their conversion into effortful goal pursuit. Motivation and Emotion. 40 (1) 16-21.
• Agtarap, S., Wright, R.A., Mlynski, C., Hammad, R., Blackledge, S. (2016). Success importance and urge magnitude as determinants of cardiovascular response to a behavioral restraint challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 102 18-24.
• Wright, R.A., Agtarap, S., Mlynski, C. (2015). Conversion of Reactance Motives Into Effortful Goal Pursuit Implications of Brehm's Theory of Motivation Intensity. Other. 223 (4) 267-276.
• Barreto, P., Wright, R.A., Krubinski, K., Molzof, H., Hur, J. (2015). Effort analysis of gender differences in cardiovascular response: Further evidence involving a traditionally feminine incentive. Biological Psychology. 109 166-175.
• Mrug, S., Madan, A., Cook, Edwin W., III, Wright, R.A. (2015). Emotional and Physiological Desensitization to Real-Life and Movie Violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 44 (5) 1092-1108.
• Richter, M. & Wright, R. A.. (2014). Contemporary perspectives on effort: A special issue.
• Barreto, P., Wright, R. A., *Krubinski, K., *Molzof, H., & *Hur, J.. Effort analysis of gender differences in cardiovascular response: Further evidence involving a traditionally feminine incentive. Biological Psychology.
• Wright, R. A.. (2014). Effort underpinnings of gender differences in cardiovascular response: Now, where was I?.
• Wright, R. A.. (2014). Motivation in social contexts: Theory and practice – Krakow, 30.06-02.07.2013.
• Wright, R.A. (2014). Presidential address 2013: Fatigue influence on effort-considering implications for self-regulatory restraint. Motivation and Emotion. 38 (2) 183-195.
• Madan, A., Mrug, S., Wright, R.A. (2014). The Effects of Media Violence on Anxiety in Late Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 43 (1) 116-126.
• Wright, R.A., Patrick, B.M., Thomas, C., Barreto, P. (2013). When fatigue promotes striving: Confirmation that success importance moderates resource depletion influence on effort-related cardiovascular response. Biological Psychology. 93 (2) 316-324.
• Barreto, P., *Wong, J., *Estes, K. & Wright, R. A.. (2012). Gender determination of effort and associated cardiovascular responses: When men place greater value on performance incentives. Psychophysiology.
• Wright, R. A., *Shim, J. J., *Hogan, B. K., *Duncan, J. & *Thomas, C.. (2012). Interactional influence of fatigue and task difficulty on cardiovascular response: Demonstrations involving an aerobic exercise challenge. Psychophysiology.
• Kehr, H. M., Thrash, T. M., & Wright, R. A.. (2011). Introduction to special issue on implicit motives. Motivation and Emotion.
• LaGory, J., *Dearen, B. B., *Teboe, K., & Wright, R. A.. (2011). Trait fatigue, difficulty, and cardiovascular response to an auditory mental arithmetic challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology.
• Stewart, C. C., Wright, R. A., *Hui, S. A., & *Simmons, A.. (2009). Outcome expectancy as a moderator of mental fatigue influence on cardiovascular response. Psychophysiology.
• Hui, S. A., Wright, R. A., *Stewart, C. C., *Simmons, A., *Eaton, B. & *Nolte, R. N.. (2009). Performance, cardiovascular, and health behavior effects of an inhibitory strength training intervention. Motivation and Emotion.
• Nolte, R. N., Wright, R. A., *Turner, C., & Contrada, R. J.. (2008).
• Frazier, B., *Barreto, P. & Wright, R. A. (2008). Gender, incentive value appraisals, and cardiovascular response to a behavioral challenge. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research.
• Wright, R. A., *Stewart, C. C., & *Barnett, B. R.. (2008). Mental fatigue influence on effort-related cardiovascular response: Extension across the regulatory (inhibitory)/non-regulatory performance dimension. International Journal of Psychophysiology.
• Wright, R. A.. (2008). Refining the prediction of effort: Brehm’s distinction between potential motivation and motivation intensity.
• Wright, R. A., Junious, T. R., *Neal, C., *Avello, A., *Graham, C., *Herrmann, L., *Junious, S., & *Walton, N.. (2007). Mental fatigue influence on effort-related cardiovascular response: Difficulty effects and extension across cognitive performance domains. Motivation and Emotion.
• Wright, R. A. and Lockard, S.. (2006). Sex, outcome expectancy, and cardiovascular response to a masculine appetitive challenge. Psychophysiology.
• Wright, R. A., & Kirby, L. D.. (2003). Cardiovascular correlates of challenge and threat appraisals: A critical examination of the biopsychosocial arousal regulation analysis.
• Wright, R. A., Martin, R. E., & Bland, J. L.. (2003). Energy resource depletion, task difficulty, and cardiovascular response to a mental arithmetic challenge.
• Lowery, D., Fillingim, R. B. & Wright, R. A.. (2003). Sex differences and incentive effects on perceptual and cardiovascular responses to cold pressor pain.
• Wright, R. A., Killebrew, K., & Pimpalapure, D.. (2002). Cardiovascular incentive effects where a challenge is unfixed: Further demonstrations involving social evaluation, evaluator status, and monetary reward.
• Wright, R. A., & Penacerrada, D.. (2002). Energy resource depletion, ability perception, and cardiovascular response to behavioral challenge..
• Eubanks, L., Wright, R. A. & Williams, B. J.. (2002). Reward and the heart: Incentive value influence on cardiovascular response at five levels of task demand.
• Fillingim, R. B., Browning, A. D., Powell, T. & Wright. R. A.. (2002). Sex differences in perceptual and cardiovascular responses to pain: The influence of a perceived ability manipulation.
• Wright, R. A., & Kirby, L. D.. (2001). Effort determination of cardiovascular response: An integrative analysis with applications in social psychology.
• Annis, S., Wright, R. A., & Williams, B. J.. (2001). Interactional influence of ability perception and task demand on cardiovascular response: Appetitive effects at three levels of challenge..
• Wright, R. A., & Hodges, D.. (1999). The domain specificity of cardiovascular ability (efficacy) effects.
• Wright, R. A.. (1998). Don't let go just yet.
• Wright, R. A., Dill, J. C., Geen, R. G., & Anderson, C. A.. (1998). Social evaluation influence on cardiovascular response to a fixed behavioral challenge: Effects across a range of difficulty levels.
• Wright, R. A., Murray, J. B., Storey, P. & Williams, B. J.. (1997). Ability analysis of gender relevance and sex differences in cardiovascular response to behavioral challenge.
• Journal of Psychophysiology. (1996). Need as a moderator of the difficulty/cardiovascular-response relation: The case of fluid deprivation.
• Wright, R. A., & Dismukes, A.. (1995). Cardiovascular effects of experimentally induced efficacy (ability) appraisals at low and high levels of avoidant task demand.
• Wright, R. A., Tunstall, A. M., Williams, B. J., Goodwin, J. S., & Harmon Jones, E.. (1995). Social evaluation and cardiovascular response: An active coping approach.
• Roberson, B. & Wright, R. A.. (1994). Difficulty as a determinant of interpersonal appeal: A social motivational application of energization theory.
• Wright, R. A., Wadley, V. G., Pharr, R. P., & Butler, M.. (1994). Interactive influence of self reported ability and avoidant task demand on anticipatory cardiovascular responsivity.
• Wright, R. A., & Dill, J. C.. (1993). Blood pressure reactivity and incentive appraisals as a function of perceived ability and objective task demand.
• Wright, R. A.. (1993). Motivation textbooks: A choice for beginners and a choice for the advanced.
• Wright, R. A., Murray, J. B., Williams, B. J.. (1993). Task difficulty as a determinant of cardiovascular reactivity: Moderating effect of instrumentality in an alleviation paradigm.
• Wright, R. A.. (1992). Desire for outcomes that are more and less difficult to attain: Analysis in terms of energization theory.
• Wright, R. A., Williams, B. J., & Dill, J. C.. (1992). Interactive effects of difficulty and instrumentality of avoidant behavior on cardiovascular reactivity.
• Wright, R. A., Wadley, V. G., Danner, M., & Phillips, P. N.. (1992). Persuasion, reactance, and judgments of interpersonal appeal.
• Wright, R A., & Gregorich, S.. (1991). Difficulty and instrumentality of imminent behavior as determinants of goal attractiveness.
• Wright, R. A., Caldwell, J. A., Evans, M. T., & Riter, M. L.. (1991). Effort, energy, and appraisals of an aversive incentive: Effects of self esteem and avoidant task difficulty.
• Wright, R. A., Brehm, J. W., Crutcher, B., Evans, M. T., & Jones, A.. (1990). Avoidant control difficulty and aversive incentive appraisals: Additional evidence of an energization effect..
• Wright, R. A., Weeks, J. L., Burch, D., & Hernandez, H.. (1990). Effect of residual excitation upon appraisals of a potential aversive outcome..
• Wright, R. A., Shaw, L. L., & Jones, C. R.. (1990). Instrumental task demand and cardiovascular response magnitude: Further evidence of the mediating role of success importance..
• Wright, R. A., Brehm, J. W., & Bushman, B.. (1989). Cardiovascular responses to threat: Effects of the difficulty and availability of a cognitive avoidance task.
• Wright, R. A., & Gregorich, S.. (1989). Difficulty and instrumentality of imminent behavior as determinants of cardiovascular response and self reported energy.
• Wright, R. A., & Brehm, J. W.. (1989). Energization and goal attractiveness.
• Shepperd, J. A. & Wright, R. A.. (1989). Individual contributions to a collective effort: An incentive analysis.
• Wright, R. A., & Kelley, C. L., & Bramwell, A.. (1988). Difficulty and effectiveness of avoidant behavior as determinants of appraisals of a potential aversive outcome.
• Wright, R. A.. (1986). Attitude change as a function of threat to attitudinal freedom and extent of agreement with a communicator.
• Wright, R. A., & Contrada, R. J.. (1986). Dating selectivity and interpersonal attraction: Toward a better understanding of the "elusive phenomenon.".
• Wright, R. A., Contrada, R. J., & Patane, M. J.. (1986). Task difficulty, cardiovascular response and the magnitude of goal valence.
• Wright, R. A., Contrada, R. J., & Glass, D. C.. (1985). Psychophysiologic correlates of Type A behavior.
• Contrada, R. J., Wright, R. A., & Glass, D. C.. (1985). Psychophysiological correlates of Type A behavior: Comments on Houston.
• Ford, C. E., Wright, R. A., & *Haythornthwaite, J.. (1985). Task performance and the magnitude of goal valence..
• Wright, R. A., Toi, M., & Brehm, J. W.. (1984). Difficulty and interpersonal attraction.
• Wright, R. A.. (1984). Motivation, anxiety, and the difficulty of avoidant control.
• Contrada, R. J., Wright, R. A., & Glass, D. C.. (1984). Task difficulty, Type A behavior pattern, and cardiovascular response..
• Wright, R. A., & Brehm, J. W.. (1984). The impact of task difficulty upon perceptions of arousal and goal attractiveness in an avoidance paradigm.
• Brehm, J. W., Wright, R. A., Solomon, S., Silka, L., & Greenberg, J.. (1983). Perceived difficulty, energization, and the magnitude of goal valence..
• Gibbons, F. X., & Wright, R. A.. (1983). Self-focused attention and reactions to conflicting standards..
• Wright, R. A.,. (1982). Perceived motivational arousal as a mediator of the magnitude of goal valence.
• Wright, R. A., & Brehm, S. S.. (1982). Reactance as impression management: A critical review..
• Wright, R. A., & Storms, M. D.. (1981). MAle sexual schemata and responses to male homosexuality..
• Gibbons, F. X., & Wright, R. A.. (1981). Motivational biases in causal attributions of arousal..

Popular Press Article

• Richter, M., Wright, R. A., Brinkmann, K., & Gendolla, G. H. E.. (2013). Motivation.
• Wright, R. A.. (2010).
• Shim, J. J., & Wright, R. A.. (2010).
• Wright, R. A.. (2010).
• Wright, R. A. & Brehm, S. S.. (2010). Jack W. Brehm (1928-2009). American Psychologist.

Reprinted Article

• Richter, M., Wright, R.A. (2020). Autonomic activation. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (2nd Edition). Springer.
• Richter, M., Wright, R.A. (2020). Autonomic nervous system. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (2nd Edition). springer.
• Richter, M., Wright, R.A. (2020). Parasympathetic nervous system. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (2nd Edition). Springer.
• Richter, M., Wright, R.A. (2020). Sympathetic nervous system. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (2nd Edition). Springer.

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Fellowship

• Wright, R.A., "Fatigue and Effort," International, $6000 Funded. (2019 - 2019).
• Wright, R.A., "Fatigue and Effort," International, Funded. (2019 - 2019).

Grant - Research

• Wright, R.A., "Influence of lighting on mental effort and on motivational deficit caused by fatigue," sponsored by Swiss National Science Foundation, International, $950313 Funded. (2020).
• Wright, R.A., "Impact of inhibitory strength on inhibitory control: When, when not, and by what mechanism?," sponsored by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), International, $218045 Funded. (2021 - 2023).
• Strojny, P. (Principal), "Widespread disaster simulator – research and preparation for implementation," sponsored by National Centre for Research and Development, International, $993542 Funded. (2016 - 2019).
• Wright, R.A., "Resource depletion and effort-related cardiovascular response," sponsored by NSF, Federal, $295000 Funded. (2005 - 2009).
• Wright, R.A., "Ability analysis of sex differences in cardiovascular response," sponsored by NSF, Federal, $154322 Funded. (1998 - 2001).
• Wright, R.A., "Impact of inhibitory strength on inhibitory control: When, when not, and by what mechanism?," sponsored by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), International, Funded. (2021 - 2023).
• Strojny, P. (Principal), "Widespread disaster simulator � research and preparation for implementation," sponsored by National Centre for Research and Development, International, Funded. (2016 - 2019).