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Scott Belshaw

Title: Associate Professor

Department: Criminal Justice

College: College of Health and Public Service

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae Link

Education

  • LLM, Texas A&M University College of Law,
    Major: Law
    Specialization: General Legal
  • PhD, Prairie View A&M University, 2009
    Major: Juvenile Justice/ Dissertation: Contributing Factors to Suicide Ideation: An Examination of Sexual abuse and other risk factors in adolescent females under the supervision of the Texas Juvenile Justice System
  • MA, University of Houston Clear Lake, 2005
    Major: Criminology
  • Certificate, University of Houston-Bauer College of Business, 1999
    Major: Basic Mediation/Arbitration
  • MA, Houston Baptist University, 1997
    Major: Liberal Arts (Graduate Coursework in English and Philosophy)
  • BS, University of Houston Downtown, 1994
    Major: Social Science/Psychology

Current Scheduled Teaching

No current or future courses scheduled.

Previous Scheduled Teaching

CJUS 5800.900Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2023 SPOT
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2023 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5800.900Topics in Criminal JusticeSpring 2023 SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2022 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3600.001Criminology. 3600. CriminologySpring 2022 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2022 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.800Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 3W1 2022 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5470.900Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2021 SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2021 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5650.900Seminar on Organized CrimeSummer 5W1 2021 SPOT
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2021 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2021 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSpring 2021 SPOT
CJUS 3400.001Correctional SystemsFall 2020 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2020 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3340.900Computer CrimeSummer 5W1 2020 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5470.900Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencySummer 5W1 2020 SPOT
CJUS 3340.900Computer CrimeSpring 2020 Syllabus
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2020 Syllabus
CJUS 5100.900Information Warfare, Security and Risk AnalysisSpring 2020
CJUS 5100.950Information Warfare, Security and Risk AnalysisSpring 2020
CJUS 4900.001Special ProblemsSpring 2020
CJUS 3400.001Correctional SystemsFall 2019 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisFall 2019
CJUS 4700.001Research Methods in Criminal JusticeFall 2019 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5650.900Seminar on Organized CrimeFall 2019 SPOT
CJUS 5650.950Seminar on Organized CrimeFall 2019 SPOT
CJUS 4900.001Special ProblemsFall 2019
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2019 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2019 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3310.950Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2019 Syllabus
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2019 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5470.900Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencySpring 2019 SPOT
CJUS 5470.950Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencySpring 2019 SPOT
CJUS 2900.001Special ProblemsSpring 2019
CJUS 3400.001Correctional SystemsFall 2018 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2018 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5450.001Punishment, Discipline and Social PolicyFall 2018 SPOT
CJUS 5100.900Information Warfare, Security and Risk AnalysisSummer 5W2 2018 SPOT
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2018 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2018 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisSpring 2018
CJUS 5650.900Seminar on Organized CrimeSpring 2018 SPOT
CJUS 5650.950Seminar on Organized CrimeSpring 2018 SPOT
CJUS 4900.002Special ProblemsSpring 2018
CJUS 3340.900Computer CrimeFall 2017 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 4330.501Domestic and International TerrorismFall 2017 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.501Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2017 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisFall 2017
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2017 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2017 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5100.900Information Warfare, Security and Risk AnalysisSpring 2017 SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisSpring 2017
CJUS 5470.001Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencySpring 2017 SPOT
CJUS 5900.606Special ProblemsSpring 2017
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3700.950Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5470.900Seminar on Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2016 SPOT
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 4350.900Seminar on ViolenceSummer 5W1 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5460.900Correctional Practices and ProgramsSpring 2016 SPOT
CJUS 3700.501Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2016 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisSpring 2016
CJUS 5900.005Special ProblemsSpring 2016 SPOT
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSpring 2016
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2015 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5950.006Master's ThesisFall 2015
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeFall 2015 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5900.909Special ProblemsFall 2015
CJUS 4860.001Studies in Criminal JusticeFall 2015
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2015 Syllabus SPOT
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2015 SPOT
CJUS 5460.900Correctional Practices and ProgramsSpring 2015
CJUS 3600.001Criminology. 3600. CriminologySpring 2015 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.007Directed StudiesSpring 2015
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2015 Syllabus
CJUS 5800.901Topics in Criminal JusticeSpring 2015
CJUS 5850.012Directed StudiesFall 2014
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2014 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisFall 2014
CJUS 5800.790Topics in Criminal JusticeFall 2014
CJUS 5800.900Topics in Criminal JusticeFall 2014
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSummer 5W2 2014
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2014 Syllabus
CJUS 3310.900Organized and Consensual CrimeSummer 5W2 2014 Syllabus
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2014
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2014
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2014
CJUS 5460.900Correctional ProgramsSpring 2014
CJUS 3600.001Criminology. 3600. CriminologySpring 2014 Syllabus
CJUS 3700.900Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2014 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisSpring 2014
CJUS 5950.010Master's ThesisSpring 2014
CJUS 5850.012Directed StudiesFall 2013
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2013 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisFall 2013
CJUS 5950.010Master's ThesisFall 2013
CJUS 5450.001Punishment, Discipline and Social PolicyFall 2013
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSummer 5W1 2013
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSummer 5W2 2013
CJUS 4870.002Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 3W1 2013 Syllabus
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2013
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSpring 2013 Syllabus
CJUS 3600.001Criminology. 3600. CriminologySpring 2013 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSpring 2013
CJUS 5850.012Directed StudiesFall 2012
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2012 Syllabus
CJUS 3620.001Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2012 Syllabus
SOCI 3620.001Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2012 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisFall 2012
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2012
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisSummer 5W1 2012
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2012
CJUS 4870.002Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2012
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2012
CJUS 5800.791Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2012
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSpring 2012 Syllabus
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2012 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisSpring 2012
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSpring 2012
CJUS 4870.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSpring 2012 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.012Directed StudiesFall 2011
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2011 Syllabus
CJUS 3620.001Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2011 Syllabus
SOCI 3620.001Juvenile DelinquencyFall 2011 Syllabus
CJUS 4860.001Studies in Criminal JusticeFall 2011
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisSummer 5W1 2011
CJUS 4860.001Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2011
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2011
CJUS 4870.002Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2011
CJUS 4870.002Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2011
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2011
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSpring 2011 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSpring 2011
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2011 Syllabus
CJUS 5950.009Master's ThesisSpring 2011
CJUS 4660.001Offender BehaviorSpring 2011 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.012Directed StudiesFall 2010
CJUS 3700.002Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2010 Syllabus
CJUS 3610.001Juvenile JusticeFall 2010 Syllabus
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSummer 5W1 2010
CJUS 3700.001Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2010
CJUS 4870.002Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2010
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2010
CJUS 5800.791Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2010
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSpring 2010
CJUS 4200.001Criminal ProcedureSpring 2010
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSpring 2010
CJUS 3610.001Juvenile JusticeSpring 2010
CJUS 4860.001Studies in Criminal JusticeSpring 2010
CJUS 3700.002Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2009
CJUS 3610.001Juvenile JusticeFall 2009
CJUS 4860.003Studies in Criminal JusticeFall 2009
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSummer 5W1 2009
CJUS 5850.010Directed StudiesSummer 5W2 2009
CJUS 4860.002Studies in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W2 2009
CJUS 5800.001Topics in Criminal JusticeSummer 5W1 2009
CJUS 3201.001Criminal LawSpring 2009
CJUS 3700.002Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeSpring 2009
CJUS 3210.001Judicial and Legal SystemsSpring 2009
CJUS 4660.001Offender BehaviorSpring 2009
CJUS 3700.002Ethical Issues in Criminal JusticeFall 2008
CJUS 4660.001Offender BehaviorFall 2008
CJUS 4350.001Seminar on ViolenceFall 2008

Published Intellectual Contributions

    Book

  • Belshaw, S.H., Johnstone, P., DeBoer, L. (2020). Criminal Justice Ethics Version 2.
  • Belshaw, S.H. (2020). The Dark Web Unfiltered. Dubuque Iowa, Kendall Hunt.
  • Belshaw, S.H., DeBoer, L. (2017). Introduction to Criminal Justice. Kendall Hunt Publishers.
  • Peter Johnstone. (2015). Criminal Justice Ethics. Dubuque, IA, Kendall Hunt.
  • Boatman and McCaslin. (2014).
  • McCaslin, R., Belshaw, S., Boatman, N. (2014). Galveston's Maceo Family Empire. History Press.
  • Book Chapter

  • Belshaw, S.H. (2013). Chapter 7-Inside a Courtroom. K. Mentor Criminal Justice.
  • Belshaw, S.H. (2013). Chapter 8-Sentencing and Judgment. K. Mentor Criminal Justice.
  • Belshaw, S. (2009). Maryland v. Wilson. In S. Gabbadon & H. Greene (Eds.) "Encyclopedia of Race and Crime.".
  • Belshaw, A.. (2008). Allen Pinkerton. In J. Bumgardner "Icon's of Crime Fighting.".
  • Belshaw, S. (2008). Mark Furhman. In J. Bumgardner "Icon's of Crime Fighting.".
  • Book Review

  • Belshaw, S.H. (2016). Book Review: Death on Base: The Foot Hood Massacre. Southwestern Historical Quarterly.
  • Belshaw, S. (2010). Book Review: Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know..
  • Encyclopedia Article

  • Belshaw, S.H. (2016). Determinate Sanctions, Juvenile Court. Encyclopedia of Juvenile Delinquency and Justice. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Belshaw, S.H. (2016). United Kingdom. Encyclopedia of Juvenile Delinquency and Justice. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Journal Article

  • Brinck, J., Nodeland, B., Belshaw, S. The “Yelp-Ification” of the Dark Web: An exploration of the use of consumer feedback in Dark Web markets. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice.
  • Belshaw, S., Nodeland, B. (2022). Stolen at the pump: an empirical analysis of risk factors on gas pump skimmer fraud attacks. Journal of Financial Crime. 29 (3) 942-950.
  • Belshaw, S., Nodeland, B., Kurland, J., Pratt, T., Piquero, A., Piquero, N. Skimmed at the Pump: How COVID-19 Lockdowns Increased Gas Pump Skimming. Crime & Delinquency.
  • Belshaw, S., Nodeland, B.E. (2021). Digital evidence experts in the law enforcement community: understanding the use of forensics examiners by police agencies. Security Journal. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41284-020-00276-w
  • Nodeland, B.E., Belshaw, S. Establishing a Criminal Justice Cyber Lab to Develop and Enhance Professional and Educational Opportunities.
  • Belshaw, S., Nodeland, B.E., Underwood, L., Colaiuta, A. (2020). Teaching About the Dark Web in Criminal Justice or Related Programs at The Community College and University Levels. Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice.
  • Belshaw, S.H. Next Generation of Evidence Collecting: The Need for Digital Forensics in Criminal Justice Education. Other.
  • Nodeland, B., Belshaw, S., Saber, M. (2019). Teaching Cybersecurity to Criminal Justice Majors. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 30 (1) 71-90. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10511253.2018.1439513
  • Mpofu, E., Athanasou, J.A., Rafe, C., Belshaw, S. (2018). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Efficacy for Reducing Recidivism Rates of Moderate- and High-Risk Sexual Offenders: A Scoping Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 62 (1) 170-186.
  • Belshaw, S.H., Mpofu, E., Rafe, C., Athanasou, J. (2016). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Efficacy for Reducing Recidivism Rates of Sexual Offenders: A Scoping Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology.
  • Belshaw, S.H., Siddique, J. (2016). Racial disparity in probationers’ views about probation. Race and Justice.
  • Belshaw, S.H., Solakoglu, O., Driver, N. (2016). The Effect of Sexual Abuse on Deviant Behaviors among Turkish Adolescents: The Mediation Role of Emotions. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology.
  • Peter Johnstone; Julie Siddique. (2015). Probation, Firearms, and Liability in Texas after Graham v. Owens. The Justice System Journal.
  • Belshaw, S.H., Johnstone, P.J., Coleman, E. (2013). Towards and Understanding of Probation Department Liability and the Use of Firearms on Duty. Texas Probation.
  • Belshaw, S. (2012). Private Investigation Programs as an Emerging Trend in Criminal Justice: A Case Study of Texas. Vol 23. Issue 4.
  • Siddique, Tanner & Osho. (2012). The Relationship Between Dating Violence and Suicidal Behaviors in a National Sample of Adolescents.
  • Belshaw, S., Trulson, C.R., Caudill, J., DeLisi, M. (2011). A Problem of Fit: Extreme Delinquents, Blended Sentencing, and the Determinants of Continued Adult Sanctions. Criminal Justice Policy Review.
  • Belshaw, S., Trulson, C.R., Caudill, J., DeLisi, M. (2011). A Problem of Fit: Extreme Delinquents, Blended Sentencing, and the Determinants of Continued Adult Sanctions. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 22 263-284.
  • Belshaw, S. (2011). An Examination of Sexual Abuse and  Suicidal Ideation in Delinquent Females in the Juvenile Justice System..
  • Belshaw, S. (2011). Are All Probation Revocations Treated Equal? An Examination of Felony Probation Revocations in a Large Texas County..
  • Reid, J.. (2011). Should Adult Probation Officers in Texas Carry Firearms a Part of their Job?.
  • Belshaw, S. (2011). Supervising Probationers on the Information Superhighway: Towards an Understanding of Minimum Supervision Level Probationers in a Large Texas County..
  • Trulson, C., Caudill, J., & DeLisi, M.. (2010). A Problem of Fit: Extreme Delinquents, Blended Sentencing, and the Determinants of Continued Adult Sanctions..
  • Trulson, C, Delisi, M., Caudill, J., & Marquart, J.. (2010). Delinquent Careers Behind Bars..
  • Rodriguez, J.. (2010). General Strain Theory: A Comparative Analysis of Latino & White Youths..
  • Rodriguez, J.J.. (2010). The Relationship between Race and Suicide Ideation in Delinquent Females in the Texas Juvenile Justice System..
  • Rodriguez, J. & Osho, S.. (2009). Does Color Matter in Houston Texas? An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Race on Homicides..
  • Zettler, H.. (2009). Targeting the Effects of Gang Resistance Education and Training Program (G.R.E.A.T.) Program..
  • Lanham, D.. (2009). The Correlation of Social Relations and Juvenile Delinquency: Differences in Parenting Styles..
  • Espinosa, E., & Osho, S.. (2008). Justice by Gender: Understanding the Role of Gender in Disposition Decisions Involving Out of Home Placement for Juvenile Offenders..
  • Belshaw, S. (2008). Juvenile Mentoring Programs: What are they? Where did they come from? And what does the research say?.
  • Kritsonis, W.. (2007). National Implications in Juvenile Justice: The Influence of Juvenile Mentoring Programs on at risk youth..
  • Espinosa, E.. (2007). O C Pepper Spray: Research Overview and Policy Recommendations..
  • Belshaw, S. (2006). "Book Review: Race and Juvenile Justice".
  • Kritsonis, W.. (2006). National Implications in Juvenile Justice: Bridging the Gap between Court order juvenile mentoring programs and secondary educators..
  • Research Report

  • Belshaw, S.H., Trulson, C.R. (2014). Collin County Community Supervision and Corrections Department SCORE Program Evaluation.

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

    Grant - Research

  • Belshaw, S.H. (Principal), "Bank of America Cyber Education Research Grant," sponsored by Bank of America, Private, $15000 Funded. (2018).
  • Belshaw, S., "Bank of America Cyber Education Research Grant," sponsored by Bank of America, University of North Texas, $5000.00 Funded. (2017 - 2017).
  • Fritsch, E.J., Trulson, C.R., Belshaw, S., Nodeland, B.E., Craig, J.M., "Mentoring Junior Faculty Team Grant Project: Sustaining Networks through Community Outreach," sponsored by UNT Team Grant, University of North Texas, $2000 Funded. ( - 2016).
  • Belshaw, S. (Principal), "Door Camera Demonstrator Project," sponsored by Guardian Payment Solutions Corp., IND, Funded. (2020 - 2021).
  • Grant - Service

  • Belshaw, S., "Team Mentoring Grant-Junior Faculty Research Mentoring: Assisting Faculty in Developing Networks with outside agencies for Grant Development," University of North Texas, $5000.00 Funded. (2012 - 2012).
  • Grant - Teaching

  • Belshaw, S. (Co-Principal), Saber, M.C. (Co-Principal), Nodeland, B.E. (Co-Principal), Fritsch, E.J. (Co-Principal), "Mentoring Junior Faculty Team Grant Project: Sustaining and Developing Networks through Community Outreach," University of North Texas, $2000 Funded. (2017 - 2018).
  • Belshaw, S., "Denton County Probation Department Training Grant," University of North Texas, $2000.00 Funded. (2014 - 2014).
  • Belshaw, S., "Team Mentoring Grant-Junior Faculty Research Mentoring: Assisting Faculty in Developing Networks with outside agencies for Grant Development," University of North Texas, $3000.00 Funded. (2014 - 2014).
  • Belshaw, S., "Learning Enhancement Grant," University of North Texas, $5000.00 Funded. (2013 - 2013).
  • Belshaw, S., "The Center for the Study of Interdisciplinary (CSID) Roving Professor Grant," University of North Texas, $1000.00 Funded. (2009 - 2010).
  • Belshaw, S., "Prairie View A&M University Student Government Organizations Grant," sponsored by Prairie View A&M University, State, $1000.00 Funded. (2008 - 2008).
  • Sponsored Research

  • Belshaw, S. (Principal), "Criminal Justice Cyber Lab," sponsored by Private Funding, Private, $350000 Funded. (2016 - 2016).
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Overall
Summative Rating
Challenge and
Engagement Index
Response Rate

out of 5

out of 7
%
of
students responded
  • Overall Summative Rating (median):
    This rating represents the combined responses of students to the four global summative items and is presented to provide an overall index of the class’s quality. Overall summative statements include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 5 = Excellent, 3 = Good, and 1= Very poor):
    • The course as a whole was
    • The course content was
    • The instructor’s contribution to the course was
    • The instructor’s effectiveness in teaching the subject matter was
  • Challenge and Engagement Index:
    This rating combines student responses to several SPOT items relating to how academically challenging students found the course to be and how engaged they were. Challenge and Engagement Index items include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 7 = Much higher, 4 = Average, and 1 = Much lower):
    • Do you expect your grade in this course to be
    • The intellectual challenge presented was
    • The amount of effort you put into this course was
    • The amount of effort to succeed in this course was
    • Your involvement in course (doing assignments, attending classes, etc.) was
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