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Tim G. Hawkins

Title: Professor

Department: Supply Chain Management

College: College of Business

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae Link

Education

  • PhD, University of North Texas, 2007
    Major: Marketing
    Specialization: Logistics; Industrial/Organizational Psychology
    Dissertation: Explaining Buyer Opportunism In Business-To-Business Relationships
  • MS, Wilmington College, 1997
    Major: Human Resources Management
  • BS, Western Kentucky University, 1993
    Major: Civil Engineering Technology

Current Scheduled Teaching

LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2024 Syllabus
OPSM 5840.480Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2024

Previous Scheduled Teaching

LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementSpring 2024 Syllabus SPOT
LSCM 6041.002Supply Chain StrategySpring 2024 SPOT
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2023 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 5840.080Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2023 SPOT
LSCM 6950.703Doctoral DissertationSummer 10W 2023
LSCM 6950.714Doctoral DissertationSpring 2023
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementSpring 2023 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 5840.007Strategic Supply ManagementSpring 8W2 2023 SPOT
LSCM 6950.701Doctoral DissertationFall 2022
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2022 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 5840.080Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2022 SPOT
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementSpring 2022 Syllabus SPOT
LSCM 6041.001Supply Chain StrategySpring 2022 SPOT
LSCM 6950.701Doctoral DissertationFall 2021
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2021 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 5840.080Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2021 SPOT
OPSM 5840.086Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2021
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementSpring 2021 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 4810.501Purchasing and Materials ManagementSpring 2021 Syllabus SPOT
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2020 Syllabus SPOT
LSCM 6900.701Special ProblemsFall 2020
OPSM 5840.007Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2020 SPOT
OPSM 5840.777Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2020 SPOT
OPSM 4810.001Purchasing and Materials ManagementSummer 5W2 2020 Syllabus SPOT
LSCM 4360.001Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementSpring 2020 Syllabus
LSCM 6900.701Special ProblemsSpring 2020
LSCM 4360.003Global Alliances and International Supply Chain ManagementFall 2019 Syllabus SPOT
OPSM 5840.080Strategic Supply ManagementFall 8W2 2019 SPOT

Published Intellectual Contributions

    Abstracts and Proceedings

  • Caliskan, F., Alaysein, O., Hawkins, T.G. AI-based Procurement to Drive Organizational Agility: The Role of Supplier Fit, AI-data Quality, and IT Alignment. Decision Sciences Institute Proceedings.
  • Hawkins, T.G., McConville, S., Niranjan, S., Finkenstadt, D., Porchia, J., Finkenstadt, D. Antecedents and Consequences of Sourcing Strategy Appropriateness in Public Procurement. Other. Monterey, CA,
  • Patil, K.S., Patil, H., Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Garg, V., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Asset Specificity, Supply Chain Collaboration and Firm Performance: A Transaction Cost Economics Perspective. 2022 Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) Academic Research Symposium Proceedings, Nashville, TN, USA..
  • Patil, K.S., Patil, H., Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Garg, V., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Mediating Role of Supply Chain Agility in Interfirm Collaborations through Lenses of Supply Chain Practice View and Dynamic Capability Theory. 2022 Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) Academic Research Symposium Proceedings, Nashville, TN, USA..
  • Gill, D., Hawkins, T., Elhance, J., Carlson, R. (2022). Using Data Analytics to Detect Bridge Contracts. Acquisition Research Program, USN, Naval Postgraduate School.
  • Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G., Savitskie , K., Hong, S., Bani-Hani, S. (2021). The Role of Supply Chain Agility and Collaborative Activities on Firms Operational Performance. Other. 2022 POMS Annual Conference.
  • Conference Proceeding

  • Ogden, J.A., Hawkins, T.G., Farris, M.T., Gaa, S.M. An Exploration of the Needed Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities of Procurement Professionals. International Purchasing and Supply Education and Research Association (IPSERA).
  • Hawkins, T.G., McConville, S., Porchia, J., Niranjan, S., Finkenstadt, D. (2023). Antecedents and Consequences of Sourcing Strategy Appropriateness in Public Procurement. Other.
  • Gill, D., Hawkins, T. (2021). How Long Does It Take to Award a Government Contract? Understanding PALT Timeframes with Big Data Analytics. I 58-75. Monterey, CA, Acquisition Research Program, Naval Postgraduate School.
  • Muir, W.A., Gravier, M.J., Hawkins, T.G. (2019). Exploring the Effect of Waivers to the Non-Manufacturer Rule on Contract Awards to Small Businesses. 305-323. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School.
  • Hawkins, T.G. (2019). Predicting Bid Protests: What Should Acquisition Teams (Not) Do?. 251-265. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J. (2018). The Use of COTS in Defense Acquisition Programs: A Research Synthesis and Framework. II 18-35. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School. www.researchsymposium.org
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J. (2016). Antecedents and Consequences of Supplier Performance Evaluation Efficacy. 178-193. Monterey, Naval Postgraduate School.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J., Yoder, E.C. (2015). Antecedents and Consequences of Federal Bid Protests. II 291-306. Monterey, CA, NPS Acquisition Research Program. www.acquisitionresearch.org
  • Gravier, M., Hawkins, T.G. (2014). The Contribution of National Culture to Logistics Strategy, Structure, and Performance. Africa Academy of Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G. (2014). The Efficacy of the Government’s Use of Past Performance Information: An Exploratory Study. Monterey, CA, Acquisition Research Program - Naval Postgraduate School. www.acquisitionresearch.org
  • Hawkins, T.G., Knipper, M. (2013). Outcome-Focused Market Intelligence: Extracting Better Value and Effectiveness from Strategic Sourcing. 301-317. Monterey, CA, Acquisition Research Program - Naval Postgraduate School. www.acquisitionresearch.org
  • Hawkins, T.G., Muir, W., Hildebrandt, G. (2011). Determinants Of Services Sourcing Performance. 1 212-234. Monterey, CA, Acquisition Research Program - Naval Postgraduate School. www.acquisitionresearch.org
  • Guillemaud, W., Farris, T., Hawkins, T.G., Roth, G. (2005). Reverse-Auction Case Studies Effectively & Ethically Lowering Supply Chain Costs. Institute for Supply Management.
  • Journal Article

  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Niranjan, S., Douglas, M. Why Empower Your Buyer? Antecedents and Consequences of Buyer Authority in Source Selection. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Idug, Y., Caliskan, F., Niranjan, S., Gravier, M. Buyer Reputation: A Blind Spot in Buyer-Supplier Relationships. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing.
  • Garg, V., Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Impact of AI and ML on Performance Measures in B2B and B2G Logistics and Supply Chain Management Operations: A Multi-Method Approach. Transportation Journal Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review.
  • Niranjan, S., Garg, V., Gligor, D., Hawkins, T.G. Enhancing Supply Chain Sustainability Performance: The Pivotal Role of Emerging Technologies. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.
  • Sondhi, S., Salwan, P., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Open Innovation Dynamics in Circular Economy: Exploring Service and Service Delivery's Interplay in Dynamic Capability Creation. IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management.
  • Singh Sondhi, S., Salwan, P., Bhel, A., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T. Evaluation of strategic orientation-led competitive advantage using mixed method approach: The role of knowledge integration and service innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management.
  • Gabaldon, J., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Enhancing Safety Awareness and Neutralizing Distractions: Investigating the Impact of Polychronicity on Distracted Driving Behavior in Young Adults. Other. Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Finkenstadt, D., Porchia, J., Idug, Y. Oral Presentations – Exploring Fitness For Use and Associated Outcomes of a Forgotten Tool. Journal of Contract Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Idug, Y., Caliskan, F., Niranjan, S., Gravier, M. Buyer Reputation: A Blind Spot in Buyer-Supplier Relationships. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.
  • Gabaldon, J., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G., Savitskie, K., McBride, M. Analyzing Protection Motivation Theory and Cognitive Failures in Texting While Driving Behavior Among Young Drivers. Applied Cognitive Psychology. Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Niranjan, S., Douglas, M. Why Empower Your Buyer? Antecedents and Consequences of Buyer Authority. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Finkenstadt, D., Porchia, J., Idug, Y. Oral Presentations – Exploring Fitness For Use and Associated Outcomes of a Forgotten Tool. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Finkenstadt, D., Porchia, J., Idug, Y. Oral Presentations – Exploring Fitness For Use and Associated Outcomes of a Forgotten Tool. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing.
  • Patil, K.S., Garg, V., Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Patil, H., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Firm Performance in Digitally Integrated Supply Chains: A Combined Perspective of Transaction Cost Economics and Relational Exchange Theory. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Wittmann, M., Gravier, M., Niranjan, S., Muir, W.A. (2023). Why Did I Lose? How Debriefing Quality Facilitates Loss Attributions Affecting Bid Protests and Strategy Change. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management.
  • Hawkins, T., Gravier, M.J., Niranjan, S., Ekezie, U., Farris , M. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Scholarship: Why Pursue Practical Relevance and Are We Successful?. Journal of Business Logistics.
  • Hawkins, T.G., McConville, S., Niranjan, S., Finkenstadt, D., Porchia, J. Antecedents and Consequences of Sourcing Strategy Appropriateness in Public Procurement. Public Management Review.
  • Patil, K.S., Garg, V., Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Patil, H., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T.G. Firm Performance in Digitally Integrated Supply Chains: A Combined Perspective of Transaction Cost Economics and Relational Exchange Theory. Other.
  • Singh Sondhi, S., Salwan, P., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T. The Effect of Customer Satisfaction and its Antecedents on Service Innovation led Customer Loyalty in the Indian Telecom Sector. Journal of Business Research.
  • Singh Sondhi, S., Salwan, P., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T. Evaluation of strategic orientation-led competitive advantage: The role of knowledge integration and service innovation. American Business Review.
  • Niranjan, S., Patil, H., Savitskie, K., Hawkins, T.G., Hani Bani, S., Hong, S. Does Use of Digital Technology and Supply Chain Integration Tools Help Improve Firm Performance and Partner Satisfaction?. International Journal of Logistics Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Idug, Y., Porchia, Finkenstadt, D. Oral Presentations – Exploring Fitness For Use and Associated Outcomes of a Forgotten Tool. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management.
  • Gabaldon Ochoa, J.M., Niranjan, S., Gupta, V., Hawkins, T. Systematic Review of Self-Response Survey Studies on Distracted Driving Behavior. Other.
  • Niranjan, S., Gabaldon, J., Hawkins, T.G., Gupta, V., McBride, M. (2022). Antecedents of Distracted Driving Among Young Adults: Role of Cognitive Failures. Other. 84 (1) 313-329. Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T., Gravier, M.J., Niranjan, S., Ekezie, U., Farris , M. Exploring the Impact of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Scholarship: Why Pursue Practical Relevance and Are We Successful?. Journal of Business Logistics.
  • Sondhi, S.S., Salwan, P., Niranjan, S., Hawkins, T. Evaluation of strategic orientation-led competitive advantage: The role of knowledge integration and service innovation. Industrial Marketing Management.
  • Hawkins, T., Gravier, M., Niranjan, S. (2021). Predicting Bid Protests: What Should Acquisition Teams (Not) Do?. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing.
  • Hawkins, T., Gravier, M.J., Muir, W.A. (2020). The Role of Supplier Performance Evaluations in Mitigating Risk: Assessing Evaluation Processes and Behaviors. Industrial Marketing Management.
  • Muir, W.A., Gravier, M.J., Hawkins, T. (2020). Class Waivers to the Non-Manufacturer Rule in Public Procurement from Small Businesses: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Small Business Management.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J. (2019). Integrating COTS Technology in Defense Systems: A Knowledge-Based Framework for Improved Performance. European Journal of Innovation Management. Bingly, West Yorkshire, Emerald Publishing.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J., Randall, W.S. (2018). Socio-Economic Sourcing: Benefits Of Small Business Set-Asides In Public Procurement. Journal of Public Procurement. 18 (4) 217-239. Highland Beach, FL, PrAcademics Press.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Randall, W.S. (2018). Socio-economic sourcing: benefits of small business set-asides in public procurement. Journal of Public Procurement. 18 (3) 217-239. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85057561568
  • Landale, K.A., Rendon, R.G., Hawkins, T.G. (2017). Examining the Effects of Source Selection Method on Procurement Outcomes. Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics. 1 (1) 47-68. West Yorkshire, Emerald Publishing.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M.J. (2016). Electronic Reverse Auctions: Spawning Procurement Innovation in the Context of Arab Culture. The MENA Journal of Business Case Studies. 2016 King of Prussion, PA, IBIMA Publishing. http://ibimapublishing.com/articles/MENA/2016/191667/
  • Hawkins, T.G., Yoder, E.C., Gravier, M.J. (2016). Federal Bid Protests: Is the Tail Wagging the Dog?. Journal of Public Procurement. 16 (2) 152-190. Highland Beach, FL, PrAcademics Press.
  • Finkenstadt, D.J., Hawkins, T.G. (2016). #eVALUate: Monetizing Service Acquisition Trade-offs using a Quality-Infused Price© Methodology. Defense Acquisition Review Journal. 23 (2) 202-230. Ft Belvoir, VA, Defense Acquisition University.
  • Randall, W.S., Hawkins, T.G., Haynie, J.J., Nowicki, D.R., Armenakis, A.A., Geary, S.R. (2015). Performance-Based Logistics and Interfirm Team Processes: An. Journal of Business Logistics. 36 (2) 212-230. Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Berkowitz, D., Muir, W.A. (2015). Improving Services Supply Management In The Defense Sector: How the Procurement Process Affects B2B Service Quality. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Muir, W. (2014). An Exploration Of Knowledge-Based Factors Affecting Procurement Compliance. Journal of Public Procurement. 14 (1) 1-32. PRAcademic Press.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Randall, W.S., Coyne, A., Baitalmal, M. (2014). Sustainable Integrity: How Reverse Auctions Can Benefit Suppliers in Emerging Markets.. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Randall, W., Coyne, A., Baitalmal, M. (2014). Sustainable Integrity: How Reverse Auctions Offer Supplier Value. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 19 (2) 126-141. Emerald.
  • Amos, C., Pentina, I., Hawkins, T.G., Davis, N. (2014). The Nauturalness Bias And Consumer’s Pastoral Fantasy Of Natural Foods. Journal of Product & Brand Management. 23 (4/5) 268-281. Emerald.
  • Gravier, M., Hawkins, T.G. (2014). Individual Manager Experience Influences on Reverse Auction Use. International Journal of Procurement Management. InderScience Publishers.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Knipper, M.E., Reed, T.S. (2014). Outcome-Focused Market Intelligence: Extracting Better Value and Effectiveness from Strategic Sourcing. Journal of Contract Management. 12 (fall) 71-83. Ashburn, VA, National Contract Management Association & George Washington University School of Law. http://www.ncmahq.org/NewsPublications/JCMCurrentIssue.cfm?navItemNumber=9972
  • Hawkins, T.G., Pohlen, T., Prybutok, V. (2013). Opportunism In Business-To-Business Exchange. Industrial Marketing Management. 42 (8) 1266-1278. Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Randall, W.S., Coyne, A., Baitalmal, M. (2013). Sustainable Integrity: How Reverse Auctions Can Benefit Suppliers in Emerging Markets. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Cuskey, J. (2011). Do The Baby And The Bathwater Deserve The Same Fate? An Exploratory Study Of Collaborative Pricing In The U.S. DoD. Journal of Public Procurement. 11 (2) 240-274. PRAcademic Press.
  • Randall, W., Nowicki, D., Hawkins, T.G. (2011). Explaining the Effectiveness of Performance Based Logistics. International Journal of Logistics Management. 22 (3) 324-348. Emerald.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Powley, E. (2011). Public Versus Private Sector Procurement Ethics and Strategy: What Each Sector Can Learn From The Other. Journal of Business Ethics. 103 (4) 567-586. Springer.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Lewin, J., Amos, C. (2011). The Influence of Leader Opportunism in B2B Exchange. Alliance Journal of Business Research. 65 (8) 1112-1118. Elsevier.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Coyne, A., Hudgens, B. (2010). Electronic Reverse Auctions: Removing Barriers to Unleash Savings in Federal Procurement. Air Force Journal of Logistics. 34 (1) 2-15. Air Force Logistics Management Agency.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M., Wittmann, M. (2010). Enhancing Reverse Auction Use Theory: An Exploratory Study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 15 (1) 21-42. Emerald.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Randall, W.S., Wittmann, M. (2009). An Empirical Examination of Reverse Auction Appropriateness in B2B Source Selection. Journal of Supply Chain Management. 45 (4) 55-71. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Knipper, M., Strutton, D. (2009). Opportunism in Buyer-Supplier Relations: New Insights From Quantitative Synthesis. Journal of Marketing Channels. 16 (1) 43-75. London, Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10466690802147961
  • Hawkins, T.G., Wittmann, M., Beyerlein, M. (2008). Antecedents and Consequences of Opportunism in Buyer-Supplier Relations: Research Synthesis and New Frontiers. Industrial Marketing Management. 37 (8) 895-909. Philadelphia, PA, Elsevier.
  • Magazine/Trade Publication

  • Finkenstadt, D., Hawkins, T.G. The Human Edge: Oral Presentations as the Antidote to AI-Generated Proposals in Government Contracting.. California Management Review Insights.
  • Findenstadt, D.J., Hawkins, T.G. (2016). Bridging the Best Value Gap: Achieving Better Buying Power through the Quality-Infused Price (QIP©) Methodology. 2016 (September) Washington, DC, National Contract Management Association.
  • Finkenstadt, D.J., Hawkins, T.G., Hosey, W.J. (2014). Growing Contracting Competency: Market Intelligence Ce. November National Contract Management Association.
  • Hawkins, T.G. (2012). The U.S. Government Is Not Yet A World-Class Buyer: 15 Steps To Get There. (February) 27-35. VA, National Contract Management Association.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Yoder, C. (2011). Does It Really Take 15 Years to Evaluate The Efficacy of Reform?. (October) 38-43. VA, National Contract Management Association.
  • Hawkins, T.G., Rendon, R. (2010). A Test of Contracting Skill: Don't Jam a Square Peg in a Round Hole!. (March) 22-35. VA, National Contract Management Association.
  • Poster

  • Dickens, J., Hazen, B., Hawkins, T.G., Gorman, M., Lambert, D., Roberts, M., Hawkins, T.G., Gravier, M. Toward Mapping and Coordinating Business Knowledge. Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals Academic Research Symposium.

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

    Grant - Research

  • Hawkins, T.G. (Principal), "Why Empower Your Buyer? Antecedents and Consequences of Buyer Authority," sponsored by RCOB, University of North Texas, $5000 Funded. (2023).
  • Hawkins, T.G. (Principal), "AI-based Procurement to Drive Organizational Agility: The Role of Supplier fit, AI-data Quality, and IT Alignment," sponsored by G. Brint Ryan College of Business, University of North Texas, $10000 Funded. (2024 - 2024).
  • Hawkins, T.G., McConville, S. (Supporting), Porchia, J. (Supporting), Niranjan, S. (Supporting), Finkenstadt, D. (Supporting), "Antecedents and Consequences of Sourcing Strategy Appropriateness in Public Procurement," sponsored by G. Brint Ryan College of Business, University of North Texas, $10000 Funded. ( - 2022).
  • Niranjan, S. (Principal), Hawkins, T.G. (Supporting), "The Role of Collaboration Activities and Digital Integration Tools on Firm Performance: Perspective of Supply Chain Managers," University of North Texas, $10000 Funded. ( - 2021).
  • Hawkins, T.G., "Predicting Bid Protests: What Should Acquisition Teams (Not) Do?," sponsored by DoD, Federal, $113616 Funded. (2018 - 2019).
  • Hawkins, T.G., "Socio-Economic Sourcing: Better For Buyers in Terms of Transaction-Costs and Procedural Justice?," sponsored by Gordon Ford College of Business, Other, $10000 Funded. (2016 - 2016).
  • Hawkins, T.G., "Antecedents and Consequences of Supplier Performance Evaluation Efficacy," sponsored by US Navy, Federal, $108992 Funded. ( - 2016).
  • Hawkins, T., "Predicting Bid Protests: What Should Acquisition Teams (Not) Do?," sponsored by DoD, Federal, Funded. (2018 - 2019).
  • Hawkins, T., "Antecedents and Consequences of Supplier Performance Evaluation Efficacy," sponsored by US Navy, Federal, Funded. ( - 2016).
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Overall
Summative Rating
Challenge and
Engagement Index
Response Rate

out of 5

out of 7
%
of
students responded
  • Overall Summative Rating (median):
    This rating represents the combined responses of students to the four global summative items and is presented to provide an overall index of the class’s quality. Overall summative statements include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 5 = Excellent, 3 = Good, and 1= Very poor):
    • The course as a whole was
    • The course content was
    • The instructor’s contribution to the course was
    • The instructor’s effectiveness in teaching the subject matter was
  • Challenge and Engagement Index:
    This rating combines student responses to several SPOT items relating to how academically challenging students found the course to be and how engaged they were. Challenge and Engagement Index items include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 7 = Much higher, 4 = Average, and 1 = Much lower):
    • Do you expect your grade in this course to be
    • The intellectual challenge presented was
    • The amount of effort you put into this course was
    • The amount of effort to succeed in this course was
    • Your involvement in course (doing assignments, attending classes, etc.) was
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