Faculty Profile

Xun Ge

Title
Chair
Department
Learning Technologies
College
College of Information

    

Education

PhD, Pennsylvania State University, 2001.
Major: Instructional Systems
Dissertation Title: Scaffolding students’ problem-solving processes on an ill-structured task using question prompts and peer interactions
MA, Foreign Language Department, Fujian Normal University, 1987.
Major: English Language and Literature

Current Scheduled Teaching*

LTEC 6900.749, Special Problems in Learning Technologies, Summer 2024

* Texas Education Code 51.974 (HB 2504) requires each institution of higher education to make available to the public, a syllabus for undergraduate lecture courses offered for credit by the institution.

Previous Scheduled Teaching*

LTEC 6260.030, Creating Technology based Learning Environments, Spring 2024 SPOT
LTEC 6900.749, Special Problems in Learning Technologies, Spring 2024

* Texas Education Code 51.974 (HB 2504) requires each institution of higher education to make available to the public, a syllabus for undergraduate lecture courses offered for credit by the institution.

Published Publications

Published Intellectual Contributions

Book
Ge, X., Dennen, V., Dickson-Deane, C., Ifenthaler, D., Murthy, S., Richardson, J. C. (2022). Global perspectives on educational innovations for emergency situations. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5
Ge, X., Ifenthaler, D., Spector, J. (2015). Emerging technologies for STEAM education: Full STEAM ahead.. New York: Springer.
Ifenthaler, D., Eseryel, D., Ge, X. (2012). Assessment in game-based learning: Foundations, innovations, and perspectives. New York: Springer.
Book Chapter
Durley, H., Ge, X. (2022). A family of K-12 educators’ innovative responses to overcome covid-19 challenges. Global perspectives on educational innovations for emergency situations. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_13
Ge, X., Huang, K. (2022). Designing online learning environments to support problem-based learning.. Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education. Springer.
Ge, X., Muftuoglu, A. C., Brickell, S. (2022). Instructional design from the lens of self-regulated ill-structured problem solving: Research and practical applications. The Instructional Design Trainer’s Guide Authentic Practices and Considerations for Mentoring ID and Ed Tech Professionals. 77-89. Routledge.
Ge, X., Taricani, E. (2021). Afterword: Considerations on pedagogical approaches in education and design thinking.. Design Thinking and Innovation in Learning. 113-115. Emerald Publishing.
Ge, X., Wang, Q., Hokanson, B., M. E., Grincewicz, A., Schmidt, M., Tawfik, A. A. (2021). Intersections across disciplines: The case of a learning space design in interdisciplinary collaborative project-based learning. Intersections across disciplines: Interdisciplinary and learning design. 187-196. Springer.
Koh, K., Ge, X., Lo, L., Lewis, K. R., Simmons, S., Nelson, L. B., Melo, M., Nichols, J. T. (2021). Peace prescription: Inclusive making in school libraries. Re-making the library makerspace: Critical theories, reflections, and practices. 135-151.
Ge, X., Wilson, S. N., Mania Singer, J. T., Thompson, W. M., Kornelson, K. A., Lajos, J., Roper, B., Elizondo, J., Reeder, S. L., Williams, L., Kleiser, M., Aprea, C., Ifenthaler, D. (2021). The Iteration and Design and Assessment for a Digital Game to Support Reasoning in a College Algebra Course. Game Based Learning Across the Disciplines. 273-295. Springer.
Law, V., Ge, X., Huang, K., Bishop, M. J., Boling, E., Elen, J., Svihla, V. (2020). Understand learners’ challenges and scaffold their ill-structured problem solving in a technology-supported self-regulated learning environment. Handbook of research in educational communications and technology. 321-338. Springer.
Ge, X., Huang, K. (2019). Lindsey Jenkins: Piloting technology-supported case-based learning and implementing a curriculum change. The ID CaseBook: Case studies in Instructional design. (5th), 136-145. New York: Routledge.
Ge, X., Chua, B. L. (2019). Self-directed learning in PBL: The role and skills of learners. Wiley Handbook of Problem-based Learning. pp. 367-388. Wiley-Blackwell.
Durley, H. C., Ge, X. (2018). The interplays between teachers’ self-efficacy and problem-solving competency during technology-mediated professional development. Self-efficacy in instructional technology contexts. 141-162. Springer.
Ge, X. (2017). The Living Laboratory in the context of educational research. Cognitive systems engineering: An integrative Living Laboratory framework. 31-45. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315155401
Ge, X., Ifenthaler, D. (2017). Designing engaging educational games and assessing engagement in games. Handbook of research on serious games for educational applications. 253-270. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Ge, X., Wang, Q., Huang, K., Law, V., Thomas, D. (2017). Designing simulated learning environments and facilitating authentic learning experiences in medical education. Advancing medical education through strategic instructional design. 77-100 . Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Ge, X., Ifenthaler, D., Spector, J. (2015). Moving forward with STEAM education.. Emerging technologies for STEAM education: Full STEAM ahead. 383-395. New York: Springer..
Ge, X., Yang, Y., Liao, L., Wolfe, E. (2015). Perceived affordances of a technology enhanced active learning classroom in promoting collaborative problem solving. E-Learning systems, environments and approaches: Theory and implementation. 305-322. New York: Springer.
Calton, A., Ge, X., Redbird-Post, M., Wang, M. (2015). The Kiowa Language and Culture Revitalization Program: Designing a community-based learning model for an endangered language. The design of learning experience: Creating the future of educational technology. 251-268. New York, NY: Springer.
Ge, X. (2013). Designing learning technology to support self-monitoring and self-regulation during ill-structured problem-solving tasks. R. Azevedo & V. Aleven, International handbook of metacognition and learning technologies. 213-228. New York: Springer.
Ge, X., Huang, K. (2013). Lindsey Jenkins: Piloting technology-supported case-based learning and implementing a curriculum change. P., Ertmer, J. Quinn, & K. Glazewski (Eds.), Instructional design casebook. (4 Ed.), 136-145. Pearson.
Ge, X., Huang, D., Zhang, H., Bowers, B. (2013). Three-dimension design for mobile learning: Pedagogical, design, and technological considerations and implications. Z. L. Berge & L. Y. Muilenburg, Handbook of mobile learnin. 329-345. New York: Routledge.
Ifenthaler, D., Eseryel, D., Ge, X. (2012). Assessment in game-based learning. Assessment in game-based learning: Foundations, innovations, and perspectives. 213-228. New York: Springer.
Ge, X., Huang, K., Law, V. (2012). Diagnosis, supporting, and fading: A scaffolding design framework for adaptive e-learning systems. Interactivity in e-learning: Case studies and frameworks. 116-162. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Ge, X., Ruan, J. (2012). Information communication technology and literacy education in China.. In C. Leung & J. Ruan (eds.), Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Chinese Literacy in China. Springer.
Ge, X., Ruan, J., Lu, . (2012). Integrating information and communication technologies in literacy education in China. Historical, philosophical, & sociocultural perspectives on literacy teaching & learning in China. 183-198. New York: Springer.
Eseryel, D., Ifenthaler, D., Ge, X. (2011). Alternative assessment strategies for complex problem solving in game-based learning environments. Multiple perspectives on problem solving and learning in the digital age. 159-178. New York: Springer.
Ge, X. (2009). How do people learn? Paradigm shifts and the current perspectives of educational psychology. Psychology: Series on western research on the humanities and social sciences. 146-181. Beijing: China Renmin University Press.
Zhang, K., Ge, X. (2006). Dynamic contexts of online collaborative learning. Managing learning in virtual settings: the role of the context. 97-115. Calgary, AB: Idea Group, Inc..
Ge, X., McAdoo, S. (2004). Sustaining teachers’ efforts in technology integration: A Peer-Learning Community Model for professional development. Current perspectives on applied information technologies: Vol. 2. Online professional development. 2, 265-281. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Book Review
Ge, X. (2018). e-Learning in the workplace: A performance-oriented approach beyond technology.. Other. 10(3), 367–370. http://www.kmel-journal.org/ojs/index.php/online-publication/article/view/15
Ge, X., Wang, Q. (2015). Developing Inquiry for Learning: Reflecting Collaborative Ways to Learn How to Learn in Higher Education. 9(1), . Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning. http://dx.doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1549
Conference Proceeding
Ge, X., Chen, C. H., Law, V., Hu, L., Chen, Y. (2019). The role of prior knowledge and prior experience on collaborative versus individual problem solving. Proceedings of EdMedia + Innovate Learning. 772-775. Waynesville, NC: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/j/EDMEDIA/v/2019/n/1/
Ge, X., Allen, J., Mistree, F. (2018). Career Sustaining Competencies for Managing Disruptions and Innovative Problem Solving in a Digitized World. Other. (Paper ID 82), . Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
Autrey, M. J., Ghaisas, M. S., Ge, X., Siddique, Z., Mistree, F. (2018). An Experiential Learning Framework for Improving Engineering Design, Build, and Test Courses. Other. 2018, .
Huang, K., Law, V., Ge, X. (2016). How do learners with different epistemic beliefs and needs for closure approach instructor's feedback to project?. Transforming Learning, Empowering Learnings. Proceedings of The 12th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2016. 2, 1256 – 1260. International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Ge, X., Law, V., Tawfik, A. (2016). The design of scaffolding and fading: Research issues and challenges.. Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer-Based Learning Environments for Deep Learning in Inquiry and Problem-Solving Contexts.. International Society of the Learning Sciences..
Ge, X., Yang, Y., Liao, L., Wolfe, E. (2013). Perceived affordances of a technology enhanced active learning classroom in promoting collaborative problem solving. 359–362. Proceedings from IADIS 2013: International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age.
McCuen, T., Ge, X. (2013). “Visual selves”: Construction science students’ perceptions about their abilities to represent spatial related problems internally and externally.. 319–322. Proceedings from IADIS: International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age.
Law, V., Ge, X., Eseryel, D. (2011). Dimensions of social interactions contributing to knowledge construction and building in an online learning community. 2, 586 – 590. Proceedings from CSCL 2011: The 9th Connecting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning to Policy and Practice.
Ge, X., Ruan, J. (2011). The impact of information and communication technologies in literacy education in China. 518-528. Proceedings from AACE 2011: Global Learn Asia Pacific.
Ge, X. (2010). Scaffold ill-structured problem solving processes through fostering self-regulation - A Web-based cognitive support system.. Proceedings from AAAI Fall Symposium: Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems.
Huang, K., Ge, X., Lubin, I. (2008). Problem solving in situated learning environment in an educational technology course. (3416-3422), . Proceedings from AACE 2011: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.
Ge, X., Dong, Y., Huang, K. (2007). An exploratory study of the open source software environment in a software engineering graduate course. 2024-2031. Proceedings from AACE 2007: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications.
Bowers, B., Ge, X., Huang, K. (2006). An interdisciplinary collaborative model of web course enhancement between the department of educational psychology and the college of nursing in a university setting.. 1167-1169. Proceedings from AACE 2006: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications.
Ge, X., Dong, Y., Huang, K. (2006). Shared knowledge construction process in an open-source software development community: An investigation of the Gallery community.. 189-195. Proceedings from the 2006 International Conference of the Learning Sciences : The International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Ge, X., Er, N., Planas, L., Jen, F., Iwami, M. (2004). Developing clinical communication skills in a constructivist learning environment.. Proceedings from 20th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning.
McNeese, M., Theodorou, E., Ferzandi, L., Jefferson, T., Ge, X. (2002). Distributed cognition in shared information spaces. 556-560. Proceedings from the 46th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Ge, X., Land, S. (2001). Scaffolding students’ ill-structured problem-solving processes using question prompts and peer interactions. 155-160. Proceedings from the Association of Educational Communication and Technology.
Lee, J., Ge, X., Yamashiro, K. (1999). Incorporating web-based and virtual reality instruction into a distance education course using the ADDIE model of instructional design. 1470-1471. Proceedings from AACE ’99: WebNet World Conference on the WWW and Internet.
Lee, J., Ge, X., Yamashiro, K. (1999). The Fruits of ADDIE: Instructional Products of a Web-Based Distance Education Seminar Using Virtual Reality. 1783. Proceedings from AACE ’99: WebNet World Conference on the WWW and Internet.
Yamashiro, K., Lee, J., Ge, X. (1999). The fruits of ADDIE: Instructional products of a Web-based distance education seminar using virtual reality. Proceedings from the World Conference on the WWW and Internet Annual Convention.
Editorial Comment for Special Issue
Wang, M., Kirschner, P. A., Spector, J. M., Ge, X. (2018). Computer-based Learning Environments for Deeper Learning in Problem-solving Contexts. Computers in Human Behavior. 87, 403-405.
Editorial Material
Wang, M., Derry, S., Ge, X. (2017). Guest Editorial: Fostering Deep Learning in Problem-Solving Contexts with the Support of Technology. Other. 20(4), 162-165.
Guest Editors’ Introduction
Ge, X., Planas, L., Huang, K. (2015). Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education /Toward advancement of problem-based learning research and practice in health professions education: Motivating learners, facilitating processes, and supporting with technology.. 9(1), 1-8. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning.
Guest editors for Special Issue
Ge, X., Planas, L., Huang, K. (2015). Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education. 9(1), . Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning.
Journal Article
Huang, K., Law, V., Ge, X., Chen, Y., Hu, L. (2024). Exploring the relationship between students’ information problem solving patterns and epistemic beliefs: A mixed methods sequential analysis study.. Journal of Computing in Higher Education.
Ge, X., Koh, K., Hu, L. (2023). Assessing student learning in a guided inquiry-based maker learning environment: Knowledge representation from expertise development perspective. Educational Technology Research and Development.
Ge, X. (2023). Editorial’s introduction. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning. 17(1), . Indiana University.
Koh, K., Ge, X., Petrella, J. B. (2022). Librarian-teacher Co-teaching and the Role of School Librarians in Facilitating Inquiry and Maker Learning.. School Library Research. 25, .
Ge, X. (2021). Emotion matters for academic success: Implications of the Article by Jarrell, Harley, Lajoie, and Naismith (2017) for creating nurturing and supportive learning environments to help students manage their emotions. Other.
Lee, C., Liu, Y., Moore, M. C., Ge, X., Siddique, Z. (2021). Enhancement of stay-at-home learning for biomechanics laboratory course during COVID-19 pandemic. Other. 1, 149–154.
Z. H., Kougianos, E., Ge, X., Wang, S., Chen, D., Cai, L. (2021). A systematic interdisciplinary engineering and technology model using cutting-edge technologies for STEM education. IEEE Transactions on Education.
Ge, X. (2020). Editorial’s introduction. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning.
Huang, K., Law, V., Ge, X., Hu, L., Chen, Y. (2019). Exploring patterns in undergraduate students’ information problem solving: A crosscase comparison study. Other. 11(4), 428–448.
Durley, H. K., Ge, X. (2019). Social discourse and collaboration influencing teachers’ cognition and metacognition for problem solving in open-ended professional development. Other. 22(1), 55-71. http://www.viethconsulting.com/members/publication/new_waves_home.php?
Ge, X., Turk, M., Hung, W. (2019). Re-Examine Cognitive Tools from Social and Motivational Perspectives. Other. 35(2), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4887
Tawfik, A., Law, V., Ge, X., W. X., K. K. (2018). The effect of sustained vs. faded scaffolding on students’ argumentation in ill-structured problem solving. Other. 87, 436-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.035
Huang, K., Ge, X., Law, V. (2017). Deep and Surface Processing of Instructor's Feedback in an Online Course. Other. 20(4), 247-260.
Huang, K., Ge, X., Eseryel, D. (2017). Metaconceptually-enhanced simulation-based inquiry learning: Effects on 8th grade students’ conceptual change and science epistemic beliefs. Educational Technology Research and Development. 65(1), 75-100.
Ge, X., Law, V., Huang, K. (2016). Detangling the Interrelationships between Self-regulation and Ill-Structured Problem Solving in Problem-based Learning. Other. 10(2), .
Law, V., Ge, X., Eseryel, D. (2016). The development of a self-regulation in a collaborative context scale.. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. 21, 243–253.
Du, J., Ge, X., Xu, J. (2015). Online collaborative learning activities: The perspectives of African American female students. Computers & Education. 82, 152–161.
Ge, X., Planas, L., Huang, K. (2015). Toward advancement of problem-based learning research and practice in health professions education: Motivating learners, facilitating processes, and supporting with technology. Other. Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education. 1(9), 1-8.
Eseryel, D., Law, V., Ifenthaler, D., Ge, X., Miller, R. (2014). An investigation of the interrelationships between motivation, engagement, and complex problem solving in game-based learning. Educational Technology & Society. 17(1), 42–53.
Blackmore, S., Fouad, N., Kagan, J., Kosslyn, ., Posner, M., Sternberg, R., Driscoll, M., Ge, X., Patrick, P. (2013). Psychology. Other. Special issue of Educational Technology. 53(5), 53-63..
Eseryel, D., Ifenthaler, D., Ge, X. (2013). Towards innovation in complex problem solving research,. Other. 61(3), 359-363.
Eseryel, D., Ifenthaler, D., Ge, X. (2013). Validation study of a method for assessing complex ill-structured problem solving by using causal representations. Other. 61(3), 443-463.
Du, J., Ge, X., Zhang, K. (2012). Graduate students’ perceptions and experiences of online collaborative learning in Web-based and Web-supplemented learning environments. Other. 8(4), 62-74.
Lubin, I., Ge, X. (2012). Investigating the influences of a LEAPS model on preservice teachers’ problem solving, metacognition, and motivation in an educational technology course.. Other. 60(2), 239-270.
Law, V., Ge, X., Eseryel, D. (2011). An investigation of the development of a reflective virtual learning community in an ill-structured domain of instructional design. Other. 3(4), 513-533.
Ge, X. (2011). Creating, supporting, sustaining and evaluating virtual learning communities. Other. 3(4), 507-512.
Eseryel, D., Ge, X., Ifenthaler, D., Law, V. (2011). Dynamic modeling as a cognitive regulation scaffold for developing complex problem-solving skills in an educational massively multiplayer online game environment.. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 45(3), 265-286.
Thomas, M., Ge, X., Greene, B. (2011). Fostering 21st century skill development by engaging students in authentic game design projects in a high school computer programming class.. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 44(4), 391-408.
Huang, K., Lubin, I., Ge, X. (2011). Situated learning in an educational technology course for pre-service teachers.. Teaching and Teacher Education. 27(8), 1200-1212.
Ge, X., Planas, L., Er, N. (2010). A cognitive support system to scaffold students’ problem-based learning in a Web-based learning environment. Other. 4(1), 30-56.
Ge, X., Huang, K., Dong, Y. (2010). An investigation of an Open-Source software development environment in a software engineering graduate course. Other. 4(2), 94-120.
Ge, X., Lubin, I., Zhang, K. (2010). An investigation of faculty’s perceptions and experiences when transiting to a new Learning Management System. Other. Special issue: Web-Based Learning: Innovations and Challenges. (4), 433-447.
Ge, X., Hardre, P. L. (2010). Self-processes and Learning Environment as Influences in the Development of Expertise in Instructional Design.. Learning Environments Research. 13(1), 23-41.
P. L, H., Ge, X. (2010). Self-processes and learning environment influencing expertise development in instructional design. Learning Environments Research. 13(1), 23-41.
Kauffman, D., Ge, X., Xie, K., Chen, C. (2008). Prompting in web-based environments: Supporting self-monitoring and problem solving skills in college students. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 38(2), 115 - 137.
Hardre, P. L., Ge, X., Thomas, M. (2007). An Investigation of the Development of Instructional Design Expertise. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 19(4), 55-82.
Land, S., Choi, I., Ge, X. (2007). Scaffolding online discussions to promote reflection and revision of understanding. International Journal of Instructional Media. 34(4), .
Hardré, P., Ge, X., Thomas, M. (2006). A qualitative study of the development of instructional design expertise. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 19(4), 63-90.
Huang, K., Dong, Y., Ge, X. (2006). From, by, and for the OSSD: Software engineering education using open source software approach and ideal. Other. 3(1), . http://nsuworks.nova.edu/innovate/vol3/iss1/7
Ge, X., Thomas, M., Greene, B. (2006). Technology-Rich ethnography for examining the transition to authentic problem-solving in a high school computer programming class.. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 34(4), 319-352.
Chen, C., Ge, X. (2006). The design of a web-based cognitive modeling system to support ill-structured problem solving. British Journal of Educational Technology. 37(2), 299-302.
Ge, X., Er, N. (2005). An online support system to scaffold complex problem solving in real-world contexts. Interactive Learning Environments. 13(3), 139-157.
Ge, X., Chen, C., Davis, K. (2005). Scaffolding novice instructional designers’ problem-solving processes using question prompts in a web-based learning environment.. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 33(2), 219-248.
Hardré, P., Ge, X., Thomas, M. (2005). Toward a model of development for instructional design expertise. Other. 45(1), 53-57.
Ge, X., Land, S. (2004). A conceptual framework for scaffolding ill-structured problem-solving processes using question prompts and peer interactions. Educational Technology Research and Development. 52(2), 5-22.
Ge, X., Yamashiro, K. (2003). Role-playing a legend in Virtual Reality. Academic Exchange Quarterly. 7(2), 257-261.
Ge, X., Land, S. (2003). Scaffolding students' problem-solving processes in an ill-structured task using question prompts and peer interactions. Educational Technology Research and Development. 51(1), 21-38.
Brill, J., Choi, I., Ge, X., Glazer, E., Ku, H. (2001). Reflections from the intern experience. Other. 45(1), 19-23.
Ge, X., Yamashiro, K., Lee, J. (2000). Pre-class planning to scaffold students for online collaborative learning activities. Educational Technology & Society. 3(3), 159-168.
Yamashiro, K., Ge, X., Lee, J. (1999). Applying a cost-benefits methodology to distance instruction and training. Other.
Cantoni, G., Ge, X. (1995). Teaching American Indian students. Other. 7(2), 40-42.
Ge, X. (1993). English language teaching at secondary schools in Singapore. Other. 1/2, .
Ge, X. (1991). Authentic listening comprehension. Other. 1/2, .
Ge, X. (1990). Aural training and pronunciation teaching. Other. 1/2, .

Awarded Grants

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Uncategorized
Ge, X. (Co-Principal), "Learning in Libraries: Guided Inquiry Making and Learning in School Libraries," Sponsored by Norman Public Schools, Private, $540388 Funded. (December 01, 2016November 30, 2019).
Koh, K. (Principal), Ge, X. (Co-Principal), "Learning in Libraries: Guided Inquiry Making and Learning in School Libraries," Sponsored by Norman Public Schools, Private, $540388 Funded. (December 01, 2016November 30, 2019).
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Overall
Summative Rating
Challenge and
Engagement Index
Response Rate

out of 5

out of 7
%
of
students responded
  • Overall Summative Rating (median):
    This rating represents the combined responses of students to the four global summative items and is presented to provide an overall index of the class’s quality. Overall summative statements include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 5 = Excellent, 3 = Good, and 1= Very poor):
    • The course as a whole was
    • The course content was
    • The instructor’s contribution to the course was
    • The instructor’s effectiveness in teaching the subject matter was
  • Challenge and Engagement Index:
    This rating combines student responses to several SPOT items relating to how academically challenging students found the course to be and how engaged they were. Challenge and Engagement Index items include the following (response options include a Likert scale ranging from 7 = Much higher, 4 = Average, and 1 = Much lower):
    • Do you expect your grade in this course to be
    • The intellectual challenge presented was
    • The amount of effort you put into this course was
    • The amount of effort to succeed in this course was
    • Your involvement in course (doing assignments, attending classes, etc.) was
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